View Filing Data

Research, development and engineering expenses

^[1]

$ 2,352

$ 2,497

$ 7,297

$ 7,518

Costs and Expenses

Cost of financing

100

102

105

303

318

Selling, administrative and general expenses

583

630

1,835

1,890

Restructuring and related costs

192

Amortization of intangible assets

Transaction and related costs, net

(33)

Other expenses, net

126

234

Total Costs and Expenses

2,160

2,330

6,838

7,174

Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income

192

167

459

344

Income tax expense

142

220

Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates

(6)

Income from Continuing Operations

179

233

397

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

(3)

Net Income

182

233

394

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net Income Attributable to Xerox

179

224

385

Net income from continuing operations

$ 89

$ 176

$ 224

$ 388

Basic Earnings (Loss) per Share:

Continuing operations (dollars per share)

$ 0.34

$ 0.68

$ 0.84

$ 1.49

Discontinued operations (dollars per share)

0.00

0.01

0.00

(0.01)

Total Basic Earnings per Share

0.34

0.69

0.84

1.48

Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share:

Continuing operations (dollars per share)

0.34

0.67

0.83

1.47

Discontinued operations (dollars per share)

0.00

0.01

0.00

(0.01)

Total Diluted Earnings per Share

$ 0.34

$ 0.68

$ 0.83

$ 1.46

Revenues

Cost of sales and services

$ 943

$ 981

$ 2,893

$ 2,927

Costs and Expenses

570

593

1,755

1,777

Service [Member]

Revenues

Cost of sales and services

1,344

1,443

4,200

4,368

Costs and Expenses

807

870

2,529

2,623

Financing

Revenues

Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]

$ 65

$ 73

$ 204

$ 223

[1]	Geographic area data is based upon the location of the subsidiary reporting the revenue.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Net Income

$ 93

$ 182

$ 233

$ 394

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net Income Attributable to Xerox

179

224

385

Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net

Translation adjustments, net

^[1]

(13)

154

(159)

491

Unrealized (losses) gains, net

^[1]

(9)

(4)

Changes in defined benefit plans, net

^[1]

(41)

191

(44)

Other Comprehensive Income, Net

^[1]

115

443

Less: Other comprehensive income, net attributable to noncontrolling interests

Other Comprehensive Income, Net Attributable to Xerox

115

442

Comprehensive Income, Net

Comprehensive Income, Net

154

297

270

837

Less: Comprehensive income, net attributable to noncontrolling interests

Comprehensive Income, Net Attributable to Xerox

$ 150

$ 294

$ 261

$ 827

[1]	Refer to Note 17 - Other Comprehensive Income for gross components of Other Comprehensive Income, reclassification adjustments out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and related tax effects.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,157	$ 1,293
Accounts receivable, net	1,290	1,357
Billed portion of finance receivables, net	102	112
Finance receivables, net	1,231	1,317
Inventories	958	915
Other current assets	232	236
Total current assets	4,970	5,230
Finance receivables due after one year, net	2,161	2,323
Equipment on operating leases, net	441	454
Land, buildings and equipment, net	527	629
Investments in affiliates, at equity	1,362	1,404
Intangible assets, net	232	268
Goodwill	3,899	3,930
Deferred tax assets	797	1,026
Other long-term assets	964	682
Total Assets	15,353	15,946
Liabilities and Equity
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	410	282
Accounts payable	1,121	1,108
Accrued compensation and benefits costs	370	444
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	835	907
Total current liabilities	2,736	2,741
Long-term debt	4,815	5,235
Pension and other benefit liabilities	1,488	1,595
Post-retirement medical benefits	647	662
Other long-term liabilities	231	206
Total Liabilities	9,917	10,439
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 19)
Convertible Preferred Stock	214	214
Common stock	256	255
Additional paid-in capital	3,930	3,893
Treasury stock, at cost	(284)	0
Retained earnings	4,997	4,856
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,711)	(3,748)
Xerox shareholders’ equity	5,188	5,256
Noncontrolling interests	34	37
Total Equity	5,222	5,293
Total Liabilities and Equity	$ 15,353	$ 15,946
Shares of common stock issued	255,664	254,613
Treasury stock	(10,502)	0
Shares of Common Stock Outstanding	245,162	254,613

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income	$ 93	$ 182	$ 233	$ 394
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	0	(3)	0	3
Income from continuing operations	93	179	233	397
Adjustments required to reconcile Net income to Cash flows from operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	120	131	398	399
Provisions	16	24	56	59
Net gain on sales of businesses and assets	(3)	(13)	(35)	(14)
Undistributed equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates	(43)	(26)	9	(56)
Stock-based compensation	15	14	44	39
Restructuring and asset impairment charges	29	34	91	174
Payments for restructurings	(39)	(41)	(130)	(165)
Defined benefit pension cost	36	34	89	133
Contributions to defined benefit pension plans	(36)	(671)	(111)	(717)
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable and billed portion of finance receivables	1	(34)	37	(174)
Increase in inventories	(20)	(99)	(91)	(187)
Increase in equipment on operating leases	(63)	(53)	(182)	(155)
Decrease in finance receivables	39	75	181	209
(Increase) decrease in other current and long-term assets	(2)	(5)	17	(48)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable	(31)	(21)	12	54
Increase (decrease) in accrued compensation	4	17	(97)	(58)
Increase in other current and long-term liabilities	15	46	11	39
Net change in income tax assets and liabilities	124	0	165	(36)
Net change in derivative assets and liabilities	21	(9)	(2)	90
Other operating, net	(2)	(25)	30	(13)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of continuing operations	274	(443)	725	(30)
Net cash used in operating activities of discontinued operations	0	(2)	0	(97)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	274	(445)	725	(127)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cost of additions to land, buildings, equipment and software	(23)	(23)	(73)	(70)
Proceeds from sales of land, buildings and equipment	0	1	32	2
Proceeds from sale of businesses	0	20	0	20
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	0	0	0	(76)
Collections of deferred proceeds from sales of receivables	0	58	0	157
Collections on beneficial interest from sales of finance receivables	0	2	0	13
Other investing, net	0	2	1	(27)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(23)	60	(40)	19
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net (payments) proceeds on short-term debt	(1)	0	(2)	1
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	2	1,001	7	1,006
Payments on long-term debt	(1)	(13)	(311)	(1,343)
Dividends	(69)	(68)	(204)	(223)
Payments to acquire treasury stock, including fees	(284)	0	(284)	0
Other financing, net	(6)	(12)	(21)	129
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(359)	908	(815)	(430)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(1)	19	(20)	55
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(109)	542	(150)	(483)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	1,327	1,377	1,368	2,402
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period	$ 1,218	$ 1,919	$ 1,218	$ 1,919

Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard

Adoption Summary:

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606), which superseded nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASC Topic 606 is to recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. ASC Topic 606 defines a five-step process to recognize revenue and requires more judgment and estimates within the revenue recognition process than required under previous U.S. GAAP, including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation.

We adopted this standard using the modified retrospective method of adoption. Under ASC Topic 606, based on the nature of our contracts and consistent with prior practice, we recognize revenue upon invoicing the customer for the large majority of our revenue. Additionally, the unit of accounting, that is, the identification of performance obligations, is consistent with prior revenue recognition practice. Accordingly, the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact for the large majority of our revenues. Lastly, a significant portion of our Equipment sales are either recorded as sales-type leases or through direct sales to distributors and resellers and these revenue streams are not impacted by the adoption of ASC Topic 606. The only change of significance identified in our adoption involves a change in the classification of certain revenues that were previously reported in Services revenues. These revenues relate to certain analyst services performed in connection with the installation of equipment that are being considered part of the equipment sale performance obligation in 2018. Accordingly, in 2018 these revenues are now reported as part of Sales. As a result of this change, $8 and $25 of revenue was recorded, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, as Sales, which would have been previously recorded as Services revenue in prior periods.

Another change identified upon adoption was with respect to deferred contract costs, which include incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs to fulfill a contract. Deferred contract costs had been minimal under our prior practices as most costs to obtain a contract and fulfill a contract were expensed as incurred. However, as a result of the contract cost guidance included in ASC Topic 606 and ASC Topic 340-40 "Contracts with Customers", upon adoption, we recorded a transition asset of $153, and a net of tax increase of $117 to Retained earnings, related to the incremental cost to obtain contracts. Substantially all of this adjustment is related to the deferral of sales commissions paid to sales people and agents in connection with the placement of equipment with post sale service arrangements.

The impacts of adopting ASC Topic 606 on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:



	As of September 30, 2018
	Superseded Revenue Guidance⁽¹⁾		Adjustments			As Reported
Deferred tax assets	$	830	$	(33	)	$	797
Other long-term assets	822		142			964
Retained earnings	4,888		109			4,997

____________


(1)	Reflects balance of account under revenue recognition guidance superseded by ASC Topic 606.

Revenue Recognition Summary:

We generate revenue through the sale of equipment, supplies and maintenance and printing services. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and is recognized when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of a product to a customer or in the period the customer benefits from the service. With the exception of our sales-type lease arrangements, our invoices to the customer, which normally have short-term payment terms, are typically aligned to the transfer of goods or as services are rendered to our customers and therefore in most cases we recognize revenue based on our right to invoice customers. As a result of the application of this practical expedient for the substantial portion of our revenue, the disclosure of the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for our services is not required.

Significant judgments primarily include the identification of performance obligations in our Document management services arrangements as well the pattern of delivery for those services.

More specifically, revenue related to our products and services is generally recognized as follows:

Equipment: Revenues from the sale of equipment directly to end customers, including those from sales-type leases (see below), are recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied and control has been transferred to the customer. For equipment placements that require us to install the product at the customer location, revenue is normally recognized when the equipment has been delivered and installed at the customer location. Sales of customer installable products are recognized upon shipment or receipt by the customer according to the customer's shipping terms. Revenue from the equipment performance obligation also includes certain analyst training services performed in connection with the installation or delivery of the equipment.

Maintenance services: We provide maintenance agreements on our equipment that include service and supplies for which the customer may pay a base minimum plus a price-per-page charge for usage. In arrangements that include minimums, those minimums are normally set below the customer’s estimated page volumes and are not considered substantive. These agreements are sold as part of a bundled lease arrangement or through distributors and resellers. We normally account for these maintenance agreements as a single performance obligation for printing services being delivered in a series with delivery being measured by usage as billed to the customer. Accordingly, revenue on these agreements are normally recognized as billed to the customer over the term of the agreements based on page volumes. A substantial portion of our products are sold with full service maintenance agreements, accordingly, other than the product warranty obligations associated with certain of our entry level products, we do not have any significant warranty obligations, including any obligations under customer satisfaction programs.

Document management services: Revenues associated with our document management services are generally recognized as printing services are rendered, which is generally on the basis of the number of images produced. Revenues on unit-price contracts are recognized at the contractual selling prices as work is completed by the customer. We account for these arrangements as a single performance obligation for printing services being delivered in a series with delivery being measured by usage as billed to the customer.

Our services contracts may also include the sale or lease of equipment and software. In these instances, we follow the policies noted for Equipment or Software Revenues and separately report the revenue associated with these performance obligations. Certain document management services arrangements may also include an embedded lease of equipment. In these instances, the revenues associated with the lease are recognized in accordance with the requirements for lease accounting.

Sales to distributors and resellers: We utilize distributors and resellers to sell our equipment, supplies and maintenance services to end-user customers. We refer to our distributor and reseller network as our two-tier distribution model. Revenues on sales to distributors and resellers are generally recognized when products are shipped to such distributors and resellers. However, revenue is only recognized when the distributor or reseller has economic substance apart from the Company such that collectability is probable and we have no further obligations related to bringing about the resale, delivery or installation of the product that would impact transfer of control. Revenues associated with maintenance agreements sold through distributors and resellers to end customers are recognized in a consistent manner to maintenance services. Revenue that may be subject to a reversal of revenue due to contractual terms or uncertainties is not recorded as revenue until the contractual provisions lapse or the uncertainties are resolved.

Distributors and resellers participate in various rebate, price-protection, cooperative marketing and other programs, and we estimate the variable consideration associated with these programs and record those amounts as a reduction to revenue when the sales occur. Similarly, we account for our estimates of sales returns and other allowances when the sales occur based on our historical experience.

In certain instances, we may provide lease financing to end-user customers who purchased equipment we sold to distributors or resellers. We are not obligated to provide financing and we compete with other third-party leasing companies with respect to the lease financing provided to these end-user customers.

Bundled Lease Arrangements: A significant portion of our direct sales of equipment to end customers are made through bundled lease arrangements, which typically include equipment, maintenance and financing components for which the customer pays a single negotiated fixed minimum monthly payment for all elements over the contractual lease term. These arrangements also typically include an incremental, variable component for page volumes in excess of contractual page volume minimums, which are often expressed in terms of price-per-page. The fixed minimum monthly payments are multiplied by the number of months in the contract term to arrive at the total fixed minimum payments that the customer is obligated to make (fixed payments) over the lease term. In applying our lease accounting methodology, we only consider the fixed payments for purposes of allocating to the relative fair value elements of the contract.

Revenues under bundled arrangements are allocated considering the relative standalone selling prices of the lease and non-lease deliverables included in the bundled arrangement. Lease deliverables include the equipment, financing, maintenance and other executory costs, while non-lease deliverables generally consist of the supplies and non-maintenance services. The allocation for the lease deliverables begins by allocating revenues to the maintenance and other executory costs plus a profit thereon. These elements are generally recognized over the term of the lease as service revenue. The remaining amounts are allocated to the equipment and financing elements, which are subjected to the accounting estimates noted below under “Leases”.

Leases: The two primary lease accounting provisions we assess for the classification of transactions as sales-type or operating leases are: (1) a review of the lease term to determine if it is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the equipment and (2) a review of the present value of the minimum lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease. Equipment placements included in arrangements meeting these conditions are accounted for as sales-type leases and revenue is recognized as noted above for Equipment. Equipment placements included in arrangements that do not meet these conditions are accounted for as operating leases and revenue is recognized over the term of the lease.

We consider the economic life of most of our products to be five years, since this represents the most frequent contractual lease term for our principal products and only a small percentage of our leases are for original terms longer than five years. There is no significant after-market for our used equipment. We believe five years is representative of the period during which the equipment is expected to be economically usable, with normal service, for the purpose for which it is intended. Residual values are not significant.

With respect to fair value, we perform an analysis of equipment fair value based on cash selling prices during the applicable period. The cash selling prices are compared to the range of values determined for our leases. The range of cash selling prices must be reasonably consistent with the lease selling prices in order for us to determine that such lease prices are indicative of fair value.

Our lease pricing interest rates, which are used in determining customer payments in a bundled lease arrangement, are developed based upon a variety of factors including local prevailing rates in the marketplace and the customer’s credit history, industry and credit class. We reassess our pricing interest rates quarterly based on changes in the local prevailing rates in the marketplace. These interest rates have generally been adjusted if the rates vary by 25 basis points or more, cumulatively, from the rate last in effect. The pricing interest rates generally equal the implicit rates within the leases, as corroborated by our comparisons of cash to lease selling prices.

Software: Most of our equipment has both software and non-software components that function together to deliver the equipment's essential functionality and therefore they are accounted for together as part of Equipment sales revenues. Software accessories sold in connection with our Equipment sales, as well as free-standing software sales are accounted for as separate performance obligations if determined to be material in relation to the overall arrangement. Revenue from software is not a significant component of our Total revenues.

Supplies: Supplies revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer, generally upon utilization or shipment to the customer in accordance with the sales contract terms.

Financing: Finance income attributable to sales-type leases, direct financing leases and installment loans is recognized on the accrual basis using the effective interest method.

Revenues disaggregated by primary geographic markets, major product lines, and sales channels are as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Primary geographical markets⁽¹⁾:
United States	$	1,414	$	1,500	$	4,307	$	4,502
Europe	587		628		1,923		1,942
Canada	133		154		424		449
Other	218		215		643		625
Total Revenues	$	2,352	$	2,497	$	7,297	$	7,518

Major product and services lines:
Equipment⁽²⁾	$	511	$	520	$	1,571	$	1,569
Supplies, paper and other sales	432		461		1,322		1,358
Maintenance agreements⁽³⁾	587		624		1,854		1,925
Service arrangements⁽⁴⁾	587		637		1,824		1,895
Rental and other	170		182		522		548
Financing	65		73		204		223
Total Revenues	$	2,352	$	2,497	$	7,297	$	7,518

Sales channels:
Direct equipment lease⁽⁵⁾	$	175	$	165	$	507	$	488
Distributors & resellers⁽⁶⁾	304		331		1,005		1,024
Customer direct	464		485		1,381		1,415
Total Sales	$	943	$	981	$	2,893	$	2,927

_____________


(1)	Geographic area data is based upon the location of the subsidiary reporting the revenue.


(2)	For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, Equipment sale revenues exclude $11 and $31, respectively, of equipment-related training revenue, which was classified as Services under previous revenue guidance - see "Adoption Summary" above.


(3)	Includes revenues from maintenance agreements on sold equipment as well as revenues associated with service agreements sold in our small and mid-sized business (SMB) focused channels and through our channel partners as Xerox Partner Print Services (XPPS).


(4)	Primarily includes revenues from our Managed Document Services (MDS) offerings. Also includes revenues from embedded operating leases, which were not significant.


(5)	Primarily reflects direct sales through bundled lease arrangements.


(6)	Primarily reflects sales through our two-tier distribution channels.

Other Revenue Recognition Policies

Contract assets and liabilities: We normally do not have contract assets, which are primarily unbilled accounts receivable that are conditional on something other than the passage of time. Our contract liabilities, which represent billings in excess of revenue recognized, are primarily related to advanced billings for maintenance and other services to be performed and were approximately $108 and $91 at September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018, respectively. The majority of the balance at September 30, 2018 will be amortized to revenue over approximately the next 30 months.

Contract Costs: Incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract primarily include sales commissions paid to sales people and agents in connection with the placement of equipment with associated post sale services arrangements. These costs are deferred and amortized on the straight-line basis over the estimated contract term, which is currently estimated to be approximately four years. We pay commensurate sales commissions upon customer renewals, therefore our amortization period is aligned to our initial contract term.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract of $22 and $62, respectively, were deferred and the related amortization was $24 and $72, respectively. The balance of deferred incremental direct costs net of accumulated amortization at September 30, 2018 was $174. This amount is expected to be amortized over its estimated period of benefit, which we currently estimate to be approximately four years.

We may also incur costs associated with our services arrangements to generate or enhance resources and assets that will be used to satisfy our future performance obligations included in these arrangements. These costs are considered contract fulfillment costs. These costs are amortized over the contractual service period of the arrangement to cost of services. In addition, we also provide inducements to certain customers in various forms, including contractual credits, which are capitalized and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the term of the contract. Amounts deferred associated with contract fulfillment costs and inducements were $10 at September 30, 2018.

Equipment and software used in the fulfillment of service arrangements and where the Company retains control are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of their useful life or the term of the contract if an asset is contract specific.

Revenue-based Taxes: Revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions, and that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. The primary revenue-based taxes are sales tax and value-added tax (VAT).

Shipping and Handling: Shipping and handling costs are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Basis of Presentation Basis of Presentation	9 Months Ended
Basis of Presentation Basis of Presentation	Sep. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]	Basis of Presentation References herein to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “company” and “Xerox” refer to Xerox Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context suggests otherwise. We have prepared the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with the accounting policies described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2017 Annual Report") except as noted herein, and the interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in our annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. You should read these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2017 Annual Report. In our opinion, all adjustments, which are necessary for a fair statement of financial position, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented, have been made. These adjustments consist of normal recurring items. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of the full year. For convenience and ease of reference, we refer to the financial statement caption “Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income” as “pre-tax income.” In third quarter 2018, we determined that the Pension Benefit Obligation (PBO) for our UK funded pension plan at December 31, 2017 was overstated by approximately GBP 40 million (approximately USD $53 or $43 after-tax). The error was the result of the plan administrator under reporting benefit payments. The correction of the PBO was recorded as an out-of-period adjustment in the third quarter 2018 with the offset to the balance sheet recorded as a credit to Changes in defined benefit plans, net in Other comprehensive income for the period. We assessed the impact of this error and concluded that it was not material to the financial statements previously issued for any interim or annual period and the correction of the error in the third quarter 2018 is not expected to be material to the annual financial statements for 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standard Updates to be Adopted:

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, with additional amendments being issued in 2018. This update requires the recognition of right-to-use assets and lease obligations by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases under existing lease guidance. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. Short term leases with a term of 12 months or less are not required to be recognized. The update also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosure of key information regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements to increase transparency and comparability among companies.

The accounting for lessors does not fundamentally change with this update except for changes to conform and align guidance to the lessee guidance as well as to the new revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09. Some of these conforming changes such as those related to the definition of minimum lease payments, may potentially result in certain lease arrangements, which are currently accounted for as operating leases, being classified and accounted for as sales-type leases with a corresponding up-front recognition of equipment sales revenue.

This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019 and certain practical expedients can be elected upon adoption. On the Lessee side, a cross-functional implementation team has been established which is evaluating the lease portfolio, system, process and policy change requirements. The Company has made progress in gathering the necessary data elements for the lease population and a system provider has been selected, with system configuration and implementation underway. The company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial results and expects it will have a material impact on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position primarily related to the recognition of previously off-book operating leases. The Company is currently planning to elect the package of practical expedients to not reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs and is evaluating the other practical expedients available under the guidance. On the Lessor side, the Company continues to assess the potential impacts of the guidance on its lease agreements with customers, including potential changes in contracting terms, and we also expect to elect the package of practical expedients.

The aggregate undiscounted value of our operating lease commitments at December 31, 2017 was approximately $450 and was primarily related to leases of facilities.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses and Derivatives

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets. The update impacts financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through Net income. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The amendments in this update expand and refine hedge accounting for both financial and non-financial risk components, aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of hedging instruments with the same income statement line item that the hedged item is reported and includes certain targeted improvements to ease the application of current guidance related to the assessment of hedge effectiveness. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-12 on our consolidated financial statements.

Intangibles - Internal-Use Software

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. This update aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The update provides criteria for determining which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. The capitalized implementation costs are required to be expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. The update also clarifies the presentation requirements for reporting such costs in the entity’s financial statements. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2018-15 on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No, 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The update allows the reclassification from Accumulated other comprehensive income to Retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") enacted in December 2017. Consequently, the update eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the update only relates to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in Income from continuing operations is not affected. The update also requires certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption of this update is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The update should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance.

Accounting Standard Updates Adopted in 2018:

Cash Flows

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This update provides specific guidance on eight cash flow classification issues where current guidance is either unclear or does not include specific requirements. We adopted ASU 2016-15 effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. This update includes specific guidance, that requires cash collected on beneficial interests received in a sale of receivables be classified as inflows from investing activities. Formerly, those collections were reported in operating cash flows. We reported $60 and $170 of collections on beneficial interests as operating cash inflows on the Statement of Cash Flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Since the update is required to be applied retrospectively, our reported 2017 operating and investing cash flows were revised accordingly in 2018 to report this amount as investing cash flows. There is no expected impact to our 2018 cash flows from this reporting change, due to the termination of all accounts receivable sales arrangements in North America and all but one arrangement in Europe and the final repurchase of previously sold finance receivables during the fourth quarter of 2017. The other seven issues noted in this update did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Additionally, in November 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash. The update requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with Cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18 effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 and applied it retrospectively through a revision of previously reported amounts. We held $61 and $75 of restricted cash, currently reported in Other current or long-term assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The changes in our restricted cash balances were primarily related to our accounts receivable sales programs, which were terminated during the fourth quarter of 2017. Accordingly, this update did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Refer to Note 5 - Supplementary Financial Information for additional information.

Retirement Benefits

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. This update changes how employers that sponsor defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans present net periodic benefit costs in the income statement. An employer is required to report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the affected employees during the period. Other components of net retirement benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of Income from operations, if one is presented. We elected to report these costs as a separate item within Other expenses, net. The update also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization, when applicable. We adopted ASU 2017-07 effective for us beginning January 1, 2018. The presentation requirements of this update were required to be applied retrospectively through a revision of previously reported amounts. The requirement to limit capitalization to the service cost component was required to be applied prospectively. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Refer to Note 14 - Employee Benefit Plans for the service cost component and other components of net retirement benefit cost.

The following table reflects the adjustment of selected lines from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income to the recasted amounts as a result of the adoption of this update:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Recasted
Cost of sales	$	594	$	(1	)	$	593
Cost of services, maintenance and rentals	882		(12		)	870
Research, development and engineering expenses	108		(3		)	105
Selling, administrative and general expenses	648		(18		)	630
Restructuring and related costs	36		(1		)	35
Other expenses, net	17		35			52



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Recasted
Cost of sales	$	1,780	$	(3	)	$	1,777
Cost of services, maintenance and rentals	2,666		(43		)	2,623
Research, development and engineering expenses	332		(14		)	318
Selling, administrative and general expenses	1,955		(65		)	1,890
Restructuring and related costs	196		(4		)	192
Other expenses, net	105		129			234

Business Combinations

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. We adopted ASU 2017-01 effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, and the adoption did not have nor is it expected to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Income Taxes

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory. This update requires recognition of the income-tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Under current GAAP, recognition of the income tax consequences for asset transfers other than inventory could not be recognized until the asset was sold to a third party. We adopted ASU 2016-16 effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 and the adoption did not have nor is it expected to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 118 (as further clarified by the FASB's ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118) to provide guidance for companies that may not have completed their accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB No. 118 provides for a provisional one-year measurement period for entities to finalize their accounting for certain income tax effects related to the Tax Act. SAB No. 118 provides guidance where: (i) the accounting for the income tax effect of the Tax Act is complete and reported in the Tax Act's enactment period, (ii) the accounting for the income tax effect of the Tax Act is incomplete and reported as provisional amounts based on reasonable estimates (to the extent determinable) subject to adjustments during a limited measurement period until complete, and (iii) accounting for the income tax effect of the Tax Act is not reasonably estimable (no related provisional amounts are reported in the enactment period) and entities would continue to apply accounting based on tax law provisions in effect prior to the Tax Act enactment until provisional amounts are reasonably estimable. SAB No. 118 requires disclosure of the reasons for incomplete accounting additional information or analysis needed, among other relevant information.

During the fourth quarter 2017, we recorded an estimated non-cash charge of $400 reflecting our provisional estimated impact associated with the provisions of the Tax Act based on currently available information. During third quarter 2018, we adjusted our provisional estimate by an additional charge of $95 reflecting certain positions taken on our recently filed 2017 income tax return as well as consideration of additional guidance from the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The adjustment includes changes to the determination of the one-time deemed repatriation tax as well as additional re-measurement of our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities to the lower enacted statutory tax rate. The total charge of $495 related to the Tax Act remains a provisional estimate as we continue to evaluate and consider additional impacts including those related to interpretive guidance from the U.S. Treasury and IRS as well as filing positions we may take on our 2018 U.S. Tax Return. Accordingly, additional adjustments, possibly material, may be recorded in the fourth quarter 2018 as we finalize our estimate related to the Tax Act. Any adjustments to this provisional amount will be reported as a component of Income tax expense.

Other Updates

In 2018, 2017 and 2016, the FASB also issued the following Accounting Standards Updates, which did not have or are not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows upon adoption. Those updates are as follows:


•	Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General: ASU 2018-14, (Topic 715-20) Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020, early adoption is permitted.


•	Fair Value Measurement: ASU 2018-13, (Topic 820) Disclosure Framework. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020, early adoption is permitted.


•	Investments - Debt Securities and Regulated Operations: ASU 2018-04, (Topics 320 and 980) Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 117 and SEC Release No. 33-9273 (SEC Update).


•	Service Concession Arrangements: ASU 2017-10, (Topic 853) Determining the Customer of the Operation Services (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018.


•	Compensation - Stock Compensation: ASU 2017-09, (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018.


•	Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets: ASU 2017-05, (Subtopic 610-20) Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018.


•	Financial Instruments - Classification and Measurement: ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments and Financial Liabilities. This update is effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018.

Divestitures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Divestitures

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

On December 31, 2016, Xerox completed the Separation of its BPO business through the Distribution of all of the issued and outstanding stock of Conduent to Xerox Corporation stockholders. As a result of the Separation and Distribution, the financial position and results of operations of the BPO business are presented as Discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from Continuing operations for all periods presented. The loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily reflected changes in estimates of separation-related costs.

Summarized financial information for our Discontinued operations is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Loss from operations	$	1		$	9
Loss on disposal	—			—
Net loss before income taxes	(1		)	(9		)
Income tax benefit	4			6
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	3		$	(3	)

Supplementary Financial Information Supplementary Financial Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Supplemental Financial Information [Abstract]

Supplementary Financial Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash amounts were as follows:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,157	$	1,293
Restricted cash
Tax and labor litigation deposits in Brazil	59		72
Other restricted cash	2		3
Total Restricted cash	61		75
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	1,218	$	1,368

Restricted cash primarily relates to escrow cash deposits made in Brazil associated with tax and labor litigation. As more fully discussed in Note 19 - Contingencies and Litigation, various litigation matters in Brazil require us to make cash deposits to escrow as a condition of continuing the litigation. Restricted cash amounts are classified in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on when the cash is expected to be contractually or judicially released.

Restricted cash was reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Other current assets	$	—	$	1
Other long-term assets	61		74
Total Restricted cash	$	61	$	75

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Summarized cash flow information is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Provision for receivables	$	11	$	15	$	37	$	38
Provision for inventory	5		9		19		21
Provision for product warranty	3		4		10		11
Depreciation of buildings and equipment	30		35		118		103
Depreciation and obsolescence of equipment on operating leases	62		66		189		201
Amortization of internal use software	18		16		55		47
Amortization of product software	—		1		—		4
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	12		12		36		41
Amortization of customer contract costs⁽¹⁾	25		1		75		3
Cost of additions to land, buildings and equipment	15		15		41		45
Cost of additions to internal use software	8		8		32		25
Common stock dividends	65		65		193		210
Preferred stock dividends	4		3		11		13
Payments to noncontrolling interests	1		5		14		17

__________________________


(1)	Amortization of customer contract costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is reported in (Increase) decrease in other current and long-term assets. Refer to Note 2 - Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard - Contract Costs for additional information.

Accounts Receivable, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable, net were as follows:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Invoiced	$	1,013		$	1,048
Accrued	334			368
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(57		)	(59		)
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,290		$	1,357

Amounts to be invoiced in the subsequent quarter for current services provided are included in amounts accrued.

We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon customer payment history and current creditworthiness. The allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable is determined principally on the basis of past collection experience as well as consideration of current economic conditions and changes in our customer collection trends.

Accounts Receivable Sales Arrangements

Accounts receivable sales arrangements are utilized in the normal course of business as part of our cash and liquidity management. The accounts receivable sold are generally short-term trade receivables with payment due dates of less than 60 days. During the fourth quarter 2017, we terminated all accounts receivable sales arrangements in North America and all but one arrangement in Europe. The remaining facility in Europe enables us to sell accounts receivable associated with our distributor network on an ongoing basis, without recourse. Under this arrangement, we sell our entire interest in the related accounts receivable for cash and no portion of the payment is held back or deferred by the purchaser.

Of the accounts receivable sold and derecognized from our balance sheet, $98 and $161 remained uncollected as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Accounts receivable sales were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Accounts receivable sales⁽¹⁾	$	66		$	520		$	297		$	1,598
Deferred proceeds	—			56			—			164
Loss on sales of accounts receivable	1			3			2			9
Estimated decrease to operating cash flows⁽²⁾	(34		)	(77		)	(61		)	(83		)

__________________________

(1)

Customers may also enter into structured-payable arrangements that require us to sell our receivables from that customer to a third-party financial institution, which then makes payments to us to settle the customer's receivable. In these instances, we ensure the sale of the receivables are bankruptcy remote and the payment made to us is without recourse. The activity associated with these arrangements is not reflected in this disclosure as payments under these arrangements have not been material and these are customer directed arrangements.


(2)	Represents the difference between current and prior period receivable sales adjusted for the effects of: (i) the deferred proceeds, (ii) collections prior to the end of the quarter and, (iii) currency. In third quarter 2018, the $34 decrease reflected lower sales consistent with the seasonality of our European operations.

Finance Receivables, Net

Finance Receivables – Allowance for Credit Losses and Credit Quality

Finance receivables include sales-type leases, direct financing leases and installment loans arising from the marketing of our equipment. Our finance receivable portfolios are primarily in the U.S., Canada and Europe. We generally establish customer credit limits and estimate the allowance for credit losses on a country or geographic basis. Our policy and methodology used to establish our allowance for doubtful accounts has been consistently applied over all periods presented.

The following table is a rollforward of the allowance for doubtful finance receivables as well as the related investment in finance receivables:



Allowance for Credit Losses:	United States			Canada			Europe			Other⁽¹⁾		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	56		$	15		$	35		$	2	$	108
Provision	5			—			4			—		9
Charge-offs	(5		)	(1		)	(4		)	—		(10		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			—			1			—		1
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	56		$	14		$	36		$	2	$	108
Provision	4			1			4			—		9
Charge-offs	(4		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(8		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			—			(2		)	—		(2		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	56		$	14		$	35		$	2	$	107
Provision	2			—			4			—		6
Charge-offs	(2		)	(2		)	(4		)	—		(8		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	1			1			—			—		2
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	57		$	13		$	35		$	2	$	107
Finance receivables as of September 30, 2018 collectively evaluated for impairment ⁽³⁾	$	1,950		$	352		$	1,242		$	57	$	3,601

Balance at December 31, 2016	$	55		$	16		$	37		$	2	$	110
Provision	4			—			5			—		9
Charge-offs	(6		)	(2		)	(2		)	—		(10		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			2			—			—		2
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	53		$	16		$	40		$	2	$	111
Provision	4			1			1			—		6
Charge-offs	(10		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(14		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	1			—			4			—		5
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	48		$	16		$	42		$	2	$	108
Provision	1			—			3			—		4
Charge-offs	(2		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(6		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	8			1			1			—		10
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	55		$	16		$	43		$	2	$	116
Finance receivables as of September 30, 2017 collectively evaluated for impairment⁽³⁾	$	1,992		$	391		$	1,339		$	66	$	3,788

__________________


(1)	Includes developing market countries and smaller units.


(2)	Includes the impacts of foreign currency translation and adjustments to reserves necessary to reflect events of non-payment such as customer accommodations and contract terminations.


(3)	Total Finance receivables exclude the allowance for credit losses of $107 and $116 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

We evaluate our customers based on the following credit quality indicators:

•

Investment grade: This rating includes accounts with excellent to good business credit, asset quality and capacity to meet financial obligations. These customers are less susceptible to adverse effects due to shifts in economic conditions or changes in circumstance. The rating generally equates to a Standard & Poor's (S&P) rating of BBB- or better. Loss rates in this category are normally less than 1%.

•

Non-investment grade: This rating includes accounts with average credit risk that are more susceptible to loss in the event of adverse business or economic conditions. This rating generally equates to a BB S&P rating. Although we experience higher loss rates associated with this customer class, we believe the risk is somewhat mitigated by the fact that our leases are fairly well dispersed across a large and diverse customer base. In addition, the higher loss rates are largely offset by the higher rates of return we obtain with such leases. Loss rates in this category are generally in the range of 2% to 5%.

•

Substandard: This rating includes accounts that have marginal credit risk such that the customer’s ability to make repayment is impaired or may likely become impaired. We use numerous strategies to mitigate risk including higher rates of interest, prepayments, personal guarantees, etc. Accounts in this category include customers who were downgraded during the term of the lease from investment and non-investment grade evaluation when the lease was originated. Accordingly, there is a distinct possibility for a loss of principal and interest or customer default. The loss rates in this category are generally in the range of 7% to 10%.

Credit quality indicators are updated at least annually and the credit quality of any given customer can change during the life of the portfolio. Details about our finance receivables portfolio based on industry and credit quality indicators are as follows:



	September 30, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Investment Grade		Non-investment Grade		Substandard		Total Finance Receivables		Investment Grade		Non-investment Grade		Substandard		Total Finance Receivables
Finance and other services	$	174	$	331	$	90	$	595	$	199	$	345	$	75	$	619
Government and education	455		67		9		531		490		61		6		557
Graphic arts	83		132		94		309		84		97		141		322
Industrial	80		82		16		178		82		84		14		180
Healthcare	79		51		10		140		88		48		9		145
Other	63		89		45		197		68		98		40		206
Total United States	934		752		264		1,950		1,011		733		285		2,029
Finance and other services	50		36		22		108		54		42		27		123
Government and education	40		4		3		47		48		5		5		58
Graphic arts	26		30		27		83		34		35		27		96
Industrial	17		13		9		39		20		12		11		43
Other	36		22		17		75		36		25		16		77
Total Canada	169		105		78		352		192		119		86		397
France	223		186		18		427		234		226		22		482
U.K./Ireland	117		116		8		241		106		150		10		266
Central⁽¹⁾	174		141		13		328		189		149		16		354
Southern⁽²⁾	43		145		13		201		52		144		13		209
Nordics⁽³⁾	26		18		1		45		29		21		1		51
Total Europe	583		606		53		1,242		610		690		62		1,362
Other	34		20		3		57		38		28		6		72
Total	$	1,720	$	1,483	$	398	$	3,601	$	1,851	$	1,570	$	439	$	3,860

_____________________________


(1)	Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.


(2)	Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.


(3)	Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.

The aging of our billed finance receivables is based upon the number of days an invoice is past due and is as follows:



	September 30, 2018
	Current		31-90 Days Past Due		>90 Days Past Due		Total Billed		Unbilled		Total Finance Receivables		>90 Days and Accruing
Finance and other services	$	14	$	3	$	2	$	19	$	576	$	595	$	9
Government and education	18		3		2		23		508		531		20
Graphic arts	12		1		—		13		296		309		6
Industrial	5		1		1		7		171		178		5
Healthcare	4		1		1		6		134		140		4
Other	6		1		1		8		189		197		4
Total United States	59		10		7		76		1,874		1,950		48
Canada	7		2		1		10		342		352		21
France	6		—		—		6		421		427		18
U.K./Ireland	2		—		—		2		239		241		1
Central⁽¹⁾	1		1		1		3		325		328		8
Southern⁽²⁾	3		1		1		5		196		201		7
Nordics⁽³⁾	1		—		—		1		44		45		—
Total Europe	13		2		2		17		1,225		1,242		34
Other	3		—		—		3		54		57		—
Total	$	82	$	14	$	10	$	106	$	3,495	$	3,601	$	103

	December 31, 2017
	Current		31-90 Days Past Due		>90 Days Past Due		Total Billed		Unbilled		Total Finance Receivables		>90 Days and Accruing
Finance and other services	$	18	$	3	$	1	$	22	$	597	$	619	$	12
Government and education	18		3		3		24		533		557		21
Graphic arts	12		1		—		13		309		322		6
Industrial	6		1		1		8		172		180		4
Healthcare	5		1		1		7		138		145		5
Other	7		1		1		9		197		206		3
Total United States	66		10		7		83		1,946		2,029		51
Canada	8		2		1		11		386		397		17
France	6		—		—		6		476		482		22
U.K./Ireland	3		—		—		3		263		266		—
Central⁽¹⁾	1		2		—		3		351		354		6
Southern⁽²⁾	4		1		1		6		203		209		6
Nordics⁽³⁾	—		—		—		—		51		51		—
Total Europe	14		3		1		18		1,344		1,362		34
Other	3		—		—		3		69		72		—
Total	$	91	$	15	$	9	$	115	$	3,745	$	3,860	$	102

_____________________________

(1)Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.

(2)Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.

(3)Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.

The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses.

Financing Receivable, Net [Abstract]

Finance Receivables, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Finance Receivables, Net

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable, net were as follows:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Invoiced	$	1,013		$	1,048
Accrued	334			368
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(57		)	(59		)
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,290		$	1,357

Amounts to be invoiced in the subsequent quarter for current services provided are included in amounts accrued.

Accounts Receivable Sales Arrangements

Of the accounts receivable sold and derecognized from our balance sheet, $98 and $161 remained uncollected as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Accounts receivable sales were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Accounts receivable sales⁽¹⁾	$	66		$	520		$	297		$	1,598
Deferred proceeds	—			56			—			164
Loss on sales of accounts receivable	1			3			2			9
Estimated decrease to operating cash flows⁽²⁾	(34		)	(77		)	(61		)	(83		)

__________________________

(1)


(2)	Represents the difference between current and prior period receivable sales adjusted for the effects of: (i) the deferred proceeds, (ii) collections prior to the end of the quarter and, (iii) currency. In third quarter 2018, the $34 decrease reflected lower sales consistent with the seasonality of our European operations.

Finance Receivables, Net

Finance Receivables – Allowance for Credit Losses and Credit Quality

The following table is a rollforward of the allowance for doubtful finance receivables as well as the related investment in finance receivables:



Allowance for Credit Losses:	United States			Canada			Europe			Other⁽¹⁾		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	56		$	15		$	35		$	2	$	108
Provision	5			—			4			—		9
Charge-offs	(5		)	(1		)	(4		)	—		(10		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			—			1			—		1
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	56		$	14		$	36		$	2	$	108
Provision	4			1			4			—		9
Charge-offs	(4		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(8		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			—			(2		)	—		(2		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	56		$	14		$	35		$	2	$	107
Provision	2			—			4			—		6
Charge-offs	(2		)	(2		)	(4		)	—		(8		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	1			1			—			—		2
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	57		$	13		$	35		$	2	$	107
Finance receivables as of September 30, 2018 collectively evaluated for impairment ⁽³⁾	$	1,950		$	352		$	1,242		$	57	$	3,601

Balance at December 31, 2016	$	55		$	16		$	37		$	2	$	110
Provision	4			—			5			—		9
Charge-offs	(6		)	(2		)	(2		)	—		(10		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			2			—			—		2
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	53		$	16		$	40		$	2	$	111
Provision	4			1			1			—		6
Charge-offs	(10		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(14		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	1			—			4			—		5
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	48		$	16		$	42		$	2	$	108
Provision	1			—			3			—		4
Charge-offs	(2		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(6		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	8			1			1			—		10
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	55		$	16		$	43		$	2	$	116
Finance receivables as of September 30, 2017 collectively evaluated for impairment⁽³⁾	$	1,992		$	391		$	1,339		$	66	$	3,788

__________________


(1)	Includes developing market countries and smaller units.


(2)	Includes the impacts of foreign currency translation and adjustments to reserves necessary to reflect events of non-payment such as customer accommodations and contract terminations.


(3)	Total Finance receivables exclude the allowance for credit losses of $107 and $116 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

We evaluate our customers based on the following credit quality indicators:

•



	September 30, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Investment Grade		Non-investment Grade		Substandard		Total Finance Receivables		Investment Grade		Non-investment Grade		Substandard		Total Finance Receivables
Finance and other services	$	174	$	331	$	90	$	595	$	199	$	345	$	75	$	619
Government and education	455		67		9		531		490		61		6		557
Graphic arts	83		132		94		309		84		97		141		322
Industrial	80		82		16		178		82		84		14		180
Healthcare	79		51		10		140		88		48		9		145
Other	63		89		45		197		68		98		40		206
Total United States	934		752		264		1,950		1,011		733		285		2,029
Finance and other services	50		36		22		108		54		42		27		123
Government and education	40		4		3		47		48		5		5		58
Graphic arts	26		30		27		83		34		35		27		96
Industrial	17		13		9		39		20		12		11		43
Other	36		22		17		75		36		25		16		77
Total Canada	169		105		78		352		192		119		86		397
France	223		186		18		427		234		226		22		482
U.K./Ireland	117		116		8		241		106		150		10		266
Central⁽¹⁾	174		141		13		328		189		149		16		354
Southern⁽²⁾	43		145		13		201		52		144		13		209
Nordics⁽³⁾	26		18		1		45		29		21		1		51
Total Europe	583		606		53		1,242		610		690		62		1,362
Other	34		20		3		57		38		28		6		72
Total	$	1,720	$	1,483	$	398	$	3,601	$	1,851	$	1,570	$	439	$	3,860

_____________________________


(1)	Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.


(2)	Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.


(3)	Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.

The aging of our billed finance receivables is based upon the number of days an invoice is past due and is as follows:



	September 30, 2018
	Current		31-90 Days Past Due		>90 Days Past Due		Total Billed		Unbilled		Total Finance Receivables		>90 Days and Accruing
Finance and other services	$	14	$	3	$	2	$	19	$	576	$	595	$	9
Government and education	18		3		2		23		508		531		20
Graphic arts	12		1		—		13		296		309		6
Industrial	5		1		1		7		171		178		5
Healthcare	4		1		1		6		134		140		4
Other	6		1		1		8		189		197		4
Total United States	59		10		7		76		1,874		1,950		48
Canada	7		2		1		10		342		352		21
France	6		—		—		6		421		427		18
U.K./Ireland	2		—		—		2		239		241		1
Central⁽¹⁾	1		1		1		3		325		328		8
Southern⁽²⁾	3		1		1		5		196		201		7
Nordics⁽³⁾	1		—		—		1		44		45		—
Total Europe	13		2		2		17		1,225		1,242		34
Other	3		—		—		3		54		57		—
Total	$	82	$	14	$	10	$	106	$	3,495	$	3,601	$	103

	December 31, 2017
	Current		31-90 Days Past Due		>90 Days Past Due		Total Billed		Unbilled		Total Finance Receivables		>90 Days and Accruing
Finance and other services	$	18	$	3	$	1	$	22	$	597	$	619	$	12
Government and education	18		3		3		24		533		557		21
Graphic arts	12		1		—		13		309		322		6
Industrial	6		1		1		8		172		180		4
Healthcare	5		1		1		7		138		145		5
Other	7		1		1		9		197		206		3
Total United States	66		10		7		83		1,946		2,029		51
Canada	8		2		1		11		386		397		17
France	6		—		—		6		476		482		22
U.K./Ireland	3		—		—		3		263		266		—
Central⁽¹⁾	1		2		—		3		351		354		6
Southern⁽²⁾	4		1		1		6		203		209		6
Nordics⁽³⁾	—		—		—		—		51		51		—
Total Europe	14		3		1		18		1,344		1,362		34
Other	3		—		—		3		69		72		—
Total	$	91	$	15	$	9	$	115	$	3,745	$	3,860	$	102

_____________________________

(1)Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.

(2)Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.

(3)Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

The following is a summary of Inventories by major category:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Finished goods	$	817	$	777
Work-in-process	60		49
Raw materials	81		89
Total Inventories	$	958	$	915

Investment in Affiliates, at Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Investment in Affiliates, at Equity

Our Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018			2017
Fuji Xerox	$	41	$	26	$	(12	)	$	81
Other	2		4		6			9
Total Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates	$	43	$	30	$	(6	)	$	90

Fuji Xerox

Equity in net income (loss) of Fuji Xerox is affected by certain adjustments required to reflect the deferral of profit associated with intercompany sales. These adjustments may result in recorded equity income (loss) that is different from that implied by our 25% ownership interest. In addition, the Equity in net income (loss) of Fuji Xerox for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes after-tax restructuring and other charges of $7 and $90, respectively.

In 2018, in connection with the completion of the audits of Fuji Xerox’s fiscal year-end financial statements as of and for the years ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, as well the review of Fuji Xerox’s unaudited interim financial statements as of and for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, out-of-period adjustments and misstatements were identified. These adjustments and misstatements were to the previously reported Net income of Fuji Xerox for the period from 2010 through 2017 and were incremental to the items that had been identified by the IIC (or Fujifilm's independent investigation committee completed in June 2017). These incremental adjustments primarily relate to Fuji Xerox’s Asia Pacific subsidiaries and involve improper revenue recognition, including revenue associated with leasing transactions, additional provisions for bad debt allowances and other asset impairments. In certain instances, some of the adjustments related to inappropriate accounting and reporting practices in the Fuji Xerox Asia Pacific subsidiaries where previous misstatements were identified.

Fuji Xerox recorded a cumulative charge of JPY 12 billion (approximately $110 based on the Yen/U.S. Dollar average exchange rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 of 108.07) in their net loss for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 (our first quarter 2018) related to the correction of these adjustments and misstatements. Our recognition of 25% of Fuji Xerox’s net loss for Xerox’s first quarter 2018 included an approximately $28 charge related to these adjustments and misstatements. We determined that the impact of the out-of-period misstatements was not material to Xerox’s consolidated financial statements for any individual prior quarter or year and the adjustment to correct the misstatements is not expected to be material to our full year 2018 results.

Summarized financial information for Fuji Xerox was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018			2017
Summary of Operations
Revenues	$	2,326	$	2,508	$	7,017		$	7,392
Costs and expenses	2,077		2,383		6,946			6,926
Income before Income Taxes	249		125		71			466
Income tax expense	84		41		95			117
Net Income (Loss)	165		84		(24		)	349
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1		1		2			3
Net Income (Loss) – Fuji Xerox	$	164	$	83	$	(26	)	$	346
Weighted Average Exchange Rate⁽¹⁾	111.43		110.90		109.50			111.92

_____________________________


(1)	Represents Yen/U.S. Dollar exchange rate used to translate.

Restructuring Programs

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Programs

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded net restructuring and asset impairment charges of $91, which included $104 of severance costs related to headcount of approximately 1,850 employees worldwide and $13 of lease cancellation costs. These costs were partially offset by $26 of net reversals, primarily resulting from changes in estimated reserves from prior period initiatives.

Information related to restructuring program activity is outlined below:



	Severance and Related Costs			Lease Cancellation and Other Costs			Asset Impairments⁽²⁾		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	108		$	1		$	—	$	109
Provision	24			12			—		36
Reversals	(8		)	—			—		(8		)
Net current period charges⁽¹⁾	16			12			—		28
Charges against reserve and currency	(41		)	(11		)	—		(52		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	83		$	2		$	—	$	85
Provision	40			—			—		40
Reversals	(6		)	—			—		(6		)
Net current period charges⁽¹⁾	34			—			—		34
Charges against reserve and currency	(39		)	(1		)	—		(40		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	78		$	1		$	—	$	79
Provision	40			1			—		41
Reversals	(12		)	—			—		(12		)
Net current period charges⁽¹⁾	28			1			—		29
Charges against reserve and currency	(37		)	(1		)	—		(38		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	69		$	1		$	—	$	70

____________________________


(1)	Represents net amount recognized within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the period shown for restructuring and asset impairment charges.


(2)	Charges associated with asset impairments represent the write-down of the related assets to their new cost basis and are recorded concurrently with the recognition of the provision.

The following table summarizes the reconciliation to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Charges against reserve and currency	$	(38	)	$	(38	)	$	(130	)	$	(154	)
Effects of foreign currency and other non-cash items	(1		)	(3		)	—			(11		)
Restructuring cash payments	$	(39	)	$	(41	)	$	(130	)	$	(165	)

Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Bridge Facility

Refer to Note 20 - Fuji Xerox Transaction and Recent Developments for additional information regarding the bridge loan facility that was terminated during the second quarter of 2018.

Interest Expense and Income

Interest expense and income were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Interest expense⁽¹⁾	$	61	$	62	$	184	$	188
Interest income⁽²⁾	70		75		216		229

____________


(1)	Includes Cost of financing as well as non-financing interest expense that is included in Other expenses, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.


(2)	Includes Finance income as well as other interest income that is included in Other expenses, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

Interest Rate Risk Management

We use interest rate swap agreements to manage our interest rate exposure and to achieve a desired proportion of variable and fixed rate debt. These derivatives may be designated as fair value hedges or cash flow hedges depending on the nature of the risk being hedged.

Fair Value Hedges

As of September 30, 2018, pay variable/receive fixed interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $300 and net liability fair value of $6 were designated and accounted for as fair value hedges. The swaps were structured to hedge the fair value of related debt by converting them from fixed rate instruments to variable rate instruments. No ineffective portion was recorded to earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following is a summary of our fair value hedges at September 30, 2018:



Debt Instrument	Year First Designated	Notional Amount		Net Fair Value			Weighted Average Interest Rate Paid		Interest Rate Received		Basis	Maturity
Senior Note 2021	2014	$	300	$	(6	)	3.03	%	4.5	%	Libor	2021

Foreign Exchange Risk Management

We are a global company that is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the normal course of our business. As a part of our foreign exchange risk management strategy, we use derivative instruments, primarily forward contracts and purchased option contracts, to hedge the following foreign currency exposures, thereby reducing volatility of earnings or protecting fair values of assets and liabilities:

•Foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities


•	Forecasted purchases and sales in foreign currency

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had outstanding forward exchange and purchased option contracts with gross notional values of $1,200 and $1,788 respectively, with terms of less than 12 months. Approximately 78% of the contracts at September 30, 2018 mature within three months, 11% mature in three to six months and 11% in six to twelve months. The associated currency exposures being hedged at September 30, 2018 were materially consistent with our year-end currency exposures, with the exception of our U.S. Dollar/Euro exposure, which decreased $288, and our Euro/U.K. Pound Sterling exposure, which decreased $128. There has not been any material change in our hedging strategy.

Foreign Currency Cash Flow Hedges

We designate a portion of our foreign currency derivative contracts as cash flow hedges of our foreign currency-denominated inventory purchases, sales and expenses. The net liability fair value of these contracts were $6 and $14 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Summary of Derivative Instruments Fair Value

The following table provides a summary of the fair value amounts of our derivative instruments:



Designation of Derivatives	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts - forwards	Other current assets	$	1		$	1
	Other current liabilities	(8		)	(15		)
Foreign currency options	Other current assets	1			—
	Other current liabilities	—			—
Interest rate swaps	Other long-term assets	—			1
	Other long-term liabilities	(6		)	—
	Net designated derivative liability	$	(12	)	$	(13	)

Derivatives NOT Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts – forwards	Other current assets	$	1		$	1
	Other current liabilities	(8		)	(10		)
	Net undesignated derivative liability	$	(7	)	$	(9	)

Summary of Derivatives	Total Derivative Assets	$	3		$	3
	Total Derivative Liabilities	(22		)	(25		)
	Net Derivative liability	$	(19	)	$	(22	)

Summary of Derivative Instruments Gains (Losses)

Derivative gains (losses) affect the income statement based on whether such derivatives are designated as hedges of underlying exposures. The following is a summary of derivative gains (losses).

Designated Derivative Instruments Gains (Losses)

The following table provides a summary of gains (losses) on derivative instruments:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments	2018			2017			2018			2017
Fair Value Hedges - Interest Rate Contracts
Derivative (loss) gain recognized in interest expense	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	(7	)	$	—
Hedged item gain recognized in interest expense	1			1			7			—

Cash Flow Hedges - Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts and Options
Derivative loss recognized in OCI (effective portion)	$	(13	)	$	(9	)	$	(3	)	$	(22	)
Derivative loss reclassified from AOCL to income - Cost of sales (effective portion)	(1		)	(15		)	(13		)	(23		)

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no amount of ineffectiveness was recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for these designated cash flow hedges and all components of each derivative’s gain or (loss) were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. In addition, no amount was recorded for an underlying exposure that did not occur or was not expected to occur.

As of September 30, 2018, a net after-tax loss of $7 was recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with our cash flow hedging activity. The entire balance is expected to be reclassified into Net income within the next 12 months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying anticipated transactions.

Non-Designated Derivative Instruments Gains (Losses)

Non-designated derivative instruments are primarily instruments used to hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. They are not designated as hedges since there is a natural offset for the re-measurement of the underlying foreign currency-denominated asset or liability.

The following table provides a summary of gains (losses) on non-designated derivative instruments:



Derivatives NOT Designated as Hedging Instruments		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Derivatives NOT Designated as Hedging Instruments	Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)	2018			2017			2018		2017
Foreign exchange contracts – forwards	Other expense – Currency (loss) gain, net	$	(7	)	$	(20	)	$	11	$	(30	)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 currency losses, net were $3 and $2, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 currency losses, net were $0 and $4, respectively. Net currency gains and losses include the mark-to-market adjustments of the derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and the related cost of those derivatives as well as the re-measurement of foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities and are included in Other expenses, net.

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The following table represents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The basis for the measurement at fair value in all cases is Level 2 – Significant Other Observable Inputs.



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts - forwards	$	2	$	2
Foreign currency options	1		—
Interest rate swaps	—		1
Deferred compensation investments in mutual funds	17		18
Total	$	20	$	21
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts - forwards	$	16	$	25
Foreign currency options	—		—
Interest rate swaps	6		—
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	18		19
Total	$	40	$	44

We utilize the income approach to measure the fair value for our derivative assets and liabilities. The income approach uses pricing models that rely on market observable inputs such as yield curves, currency exchange rates and forward prices, and therefore are classified as Level 2.

Fair value for our deferred compensation plan investments in mutual funds is based on quoted market prices for those funds. Fair value for deferred compensation plan liabilities is based on the fair value of investments corresponding to employees’ investment selections.

Summary of Other Financial Assets and Liabilities

The estimated fair values of our other financial assets and liabilities were as follows:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,157	$	1,157	$	1,293	$	1,293
Accounts receivable, net	1,290		1,290		1,357		1,357
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	410		409		282		283
Long-term debt	4,815		4,770		5,235		5,373

The fair value amounts for Cash and cash equivalents and Accounts receivable, net, approximate carrying amounts due to the short maturities of these instruments. The fair value of Short-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt, and Long-term debt was estimated based on the current rates offered to us for debt of similar maturities (Level 2). The difference between the fair value and the carrying value represents the theoretical net premium or discount we would pay or receive to retire all debt at such date.

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

Employee Benefit Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plans

The components of Net periodic benefit cost and other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Retiree Health
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs:	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	1		$	—		$	6		$	5		$	2		$	2
Interest cost	35			31			37			43			5			7
Expected return on plan assets	(35		)	(35		)	(60		)	(57		)	—			—
Recognized net actuarial loss	5			5			14			20			—			—
Amortization of prior service credit	—			—			(1		)	(1		)	(1		)	(1		)
Recognized settlement loss	34			23			—			—			—			—
Defined benefit plans	40			24			(4		)	10			6			8
Defined contribution plans⁽¹⁾	9			9			8			8			n/a			n/a
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	49			33			4			18			6			8

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:
Net actuarial loss (gain)⁽²⁾	—			50			(53		)	—			—			—
Amortization of net actuarial loss	(39		)	(28		)	(14		)	(21		)	—			(1		)
Amortization of prior service credit	—			—			1			1			1			1
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income⁽³⁾	(39		)	22			(66		)	(20		)	1			—
Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Comprehensive Income	$	10		$	55		$	(62	)	$	(2	)	$	7		$	8



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Retiree Health
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs:	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	2		$	2		$	19		$	20		$	4		$	4
Interest cost	102			97			114			120			18			21
Expected return on plan assets	(105		)	(96		)	(185		)	(164		)	—			—
Recognized net actuarial loss	17			16			44			58			—			—
Amortization of prior service credit	(1		)	(1		)	(3		)	(3		)	(3		)	(3		)
Recognized settlement loss	85			84			—			—			—			—
Defined benefit plans	100			102			(11		)	31			19			22
Defined contribution plans⁽¹⁾	28			29			22			22			n/a			n/a
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	128			131			11			53			19			22

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:
Net actuarial (gain) loss⁽²⁾	(46		)	70			(53		)	—			10			(11		)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	(102		)	(100		)	(44		)	(59		)	—			(1		)
Amortization of prior service credit	1			1			3			3			3			3
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income⁽³⁾	(147		)	(29		)	(94		)	(56		)	13			(9		)
Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Comprehensive Income	$	(19	)	$	102		$	(83	)	$	(3	)	$	32		$	13

__________

(1)Prior year amounts have been revised to reflect additional cost for previously excluded plans.

(2)

The net actuarial (gain) loss for U.S. Plans primarily reflects (i) the re-measurement of our primary U.S. pension plans as a result of the payment of periodic settlements and (ii) adjustments for the actuarial valuation results based on January 1st plan census data. The non-U.S. plans net actuarial (gain) loss for 2018 reflects an out-of-period adjustment of $(53) to correct an overstated benefit obligation for our U.K. Funded Pension Plan at December 31, 2017. Refer to Note 1 - Basis of Presentation for additional information regarding this adjustment.


(3)	Amounts represent the pre-tax effect included within Other Comprehensive Income. Refer to Note 17 - Other Comprehensive Income for related tax effects and the after-tax amounts.

Plan Amendment

Retiree Health Plan

In October 2018, we amended our U.S. Retiree Health Plan effective January 1 2019, to reduce certain benefits for existing non-union retirees through the reduction or elimination of coverage or cost-sharing subsidies for retiree health care and life insurance costs. This negative plan amendment is expected to result in a reduction in the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation of approximately $280, which consists of approximately $215 for the plan amendment and an actuarial gain of approximately $65 related to the required plan remeasurement upon amendment. The amount for the plan amendment is expected to be amortized to future net periodic benefit costs as a prior service credit and is expected to reduce 2019 costs by approximately $70 (approximately $15 for the fourth quarter of 2018). The plan amendment is also expected to reduce 2019 cash contributions from Xerox by approximately $20.

Contributions

The following table summarizes cash contributions to our defined benefit pension plans and retiree health benefit plans.



	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		Estimated 2018		2017
U.S. plans	$	20	$	668	$	26	$	675
Non-U.S. plans	91		49		116		161
Total Pension	$	111	$	717	$	142	$	836

Retiree Health	$	42	$	49	$	62	$	64

There are no mandatory contributions required in 2018 for our U.S. tax-qualified defined benefit plans to meet the minimum funding requirements, and our estimated 2018 contributions no longer include $50 of voluntary contributions to these plans.

Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

(share data in thousands)

We have a long-term incentive plan whereby eligible employees may be granted restricted stock units (RSUs), performance shares (PSs) and/or stock options (SOs). We grant stock-based compensation awards in order to continue to attract and retain qualified employees and to better align employees' interests with those of our shareholders. Each of these awards is subject to settlement with newly issued shares of our common stock.

Stock-based compensation expense was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Stock-based compensation expense, pre-tax	$	15	$	14	$	44	$	39
Income tax benefit recognized in earnings	4		5		11		15

The following is a summary of changes to our program design and performance metrics effective for our April 2018 grant and grants thereafter under our new program, as approved by our board of directors (the "Board"). The Board also approved a change in the timing of our annual grant of awards from July to April, to better align our grant date with other annual incentive compensation payments and the underlying performance period related to PSs. We grant RSUs and PSs to officers, selected executives and middle managers, and SOs to officers and selected executives only.

Restricted Stock Units

Compensation expense for RSUs is based upon the grant date market price and is recognized on a straight-line basis over a three-year graded-vesting period, based on management's estimate of the number of shares expected to vest. RSUs vest on a graded schedule as follows: 25% after one year of service, 25% after two years of service, and 50% after three years of service from the date of grant. Prior to the April 2018 grant, RSUs vested on a three-year cliff basis from the date of grant. Shares awarded to employees who are retirement-eligible at the date of grant, become retirement-eligible during the vesting period, or are terminated not-for-cause (e.g. as part of a restructuring initiative), vest based on service provided from the date of grant to the date of separation on a pro-rata share of each individual graded-vesting tranche. Shares granted through September 30, 2018 under our new program were 1,130, with a corresponding weighted average grant date fair value of $27.61 per share.

Performance Shares

In connection with the April 2018 grant, the Board approved the following changes to the PS performance goals: the Earnings Per Share (EPS) metric was replaced with a Total Shareholder Return (TSR) metric and the Cash Flow from Operations metric was replaced with a Free Cash Flow metric. The Board retained the Revenue metric as a performance goal as well as the three-year performance period for all measures. The performance metrics are equally weighted; accordingly, each PS grant is two-thirds performance based (revenue and free cash flow) and one-third market-based (TSR). The performance goals are independent of each other and depending on the achievement of these metrics, a recipient of a PS award is entitled to receive a number of shares equal to a percentage, ranging from 0% to 200% of the PS award granted. PSs retain the three-year cliff vesting from the date of grant.

Performance-Based Component

PSs vest contingent upon meeting pre-determined cumulative goals for revenue and free cash flow. The fair value of the performance-based component of our PSs is based upon the grant-date market price. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on management's estimate of the number of shares expected to vest. If the cumulative three-year actual results exceed the stated targets, all plan participants have the potential to earn additional shares of common stock up to a maximum overachievement of 100% of the original grant. If the stated targets are not met, any recognized compensation cost would be reversed. Shares granted through September 30, 2018 under our new program were 693, with a corresponding weighted average grant date fair value of $27.88 per share.

As a result of the change in management in the second quarter 2018, the Board is currently reviewing this plan and has not finalized the performance measures and corresponding weightings and therefore the plan remains discretionary as of the third quarter 2018. Since final performance measures have not been approved as of September 30, 2018, the criteria needed to establish a grant date has not been met and therefore the fair value of the April 2018 grant will continue to be revalued based on the period end stock price for each subsequent reporting period until the grant date criteria has been met.

Market-Based Component

The TSR metric is based on the percentage change in the Company’s stock price plus the dividends paid over the three-year measurement period. Payout for this portion of the PS will be determined based on Xerox’s percentage change compared to the shareholder returns of the peer group of companies approved by the compensation committee of the Board (as disclosed in the 2018 annual proxy statement). Since the TSR portion of the PS award represents a market condition, a Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the grant-date fair value. A summary of the key valuation input assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation relative to PS awards granted were as follows:



	Program to Date September 30, 2018
Term	3 years
Risk-free interest rate⁽¹⁾	2.39		%
Dividend yield⁽²⁾	3.24		%
Xerox’s historical volatility⁽³⁾	29.12		%
Weighted average fair value⁽⁴⁾	$	32.03

____________


(1)	The risk-free interest rate was based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield curve from the valuation date, with a maturity matched to the TSR performance period.


(2)	The dividend yield was calculated as the expected quarterly dividend divided by Xerox’s three-month average stock price as of the valuation date.


(3)	Xerox’s historical volatility is calculated from daily stock returns over a three-year look-back term from the valuation date.


(4)	The weighted average of fair values used to record compensation expense as determined by the Monte Carlo simulation.

Our TSR compared to the peer group TSR will determine the payout as follows:



Percentile	Payout as a Percent of Target⁽¹⁾
80^th and above	200	%
50^th	100	%
25^th	35	%
Below 25^th	0	%

____________


(1)	For performance between the levels described above, the degree of vesting is interpolated on a linear basis.

Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the fair value determined by the Monte Carlo simulation and, except in cases of employee forfeiture, cannot be reversed regardless of performance. Shares granted through September 30, 2018 under our new program were 346.

Stock Options

The Board also approved the granting of SOs as part of the 2018 plan design. Except for the conversion of options relating to our acquisition of Affiliated Computer Systems in 2010, we have not issued any SOs since 2004. Compensation expense associated with SOs is based upon the grant date fair value determined by utilizing the Black-Scholes (BS) option-pricing model and is recorded on a straight-line basis over a three-year graded-vesting period, based on management's estimate of the number of SOs expected to vest. SOs vest on a graded schedule as follows: 25% after one year of service, 25% after two years of service, and 50% after three years of service from the date of grant. Similar to RSUs, SOs awarded to employees who are retirement-eligible at the date of grant, become retirement-eligible during the vesting period, or are terminated not-for-cause, vest based on service provided from the date of grant to separation, on a pro-rata share of each individual vesting tranche.

The weighted average assumptions used in the BS option-pricing model relative to SO awards were as follows:



	Program to Date September 30, 2018
Expected term⁽¹⁾	6.13 years
Expected volatility⁽²⁾	27.25		%
Expected dividend yield⁽³⁾	3.25		%
Risk-free interest rate⁽⁴⁾	2.63		%
Weighted average fair value⁽⁵⁾	$	5.71

____________


(1)	Since these SO grants are effectively part of a new program, the expected term was calculated using the "Simplified Method” under the SEC guidance based on the SOs vesting schedule and contractual term. We did not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis to estimate an expected term.


(2)	The expected volatility was calculated based on a combination of Xerox's term-matched historical volatility and implied volatility from traded options.


(3)	The dividend yield was calculated as the expected quarterly dividend divided by Xerox’s three-month average stock price as of the grant date.


(4)	The risk-free interest rate was based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield curve with a maturity matched to the expected term of the SOs.


(5)	The weighted average of fair values used to record compensation expense as determined by the BS option-pricing model.

SOs granted through September 30, 2018 under our new program were 1,379.

Note: Management’s estimate of the number of shares expected to vest at the time of grant reflects an estimate for forfeitures based on our historical forfeiture rate to date. Should actual forfeitures differ from management’s estimate, the activity will be reflected in a subsequent period.

Shareholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders’ Equity

(share data in thousands)



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings			AOCL⁽³⁾			Xerox Shareholders’ Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	255	$	3,920	$	—		$	4,974		$	(3,772	)	$	5,377		$	31		$	5,408
Comprehensive income, net	—		—		—			89			61			150			4			154
Cash dividends declared - common⁽¹⁾	—		—		—			(62		)	—			(62		)	—			(62		)
Cash dividends declared - preferred⁽²⁾	—		—		—			(4		)	—			(4		)	—			(4		)
Stock option and incentive plans, net	1		10		—			—			—			11			—			11
Payments to acquire treasury stock, including fees	—		—		(284		)	—			—			(284		)	—			(284		)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—			—			—			—			(1		)	(1		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	256	$	3,930	$	(284	)	$	4,997		$	(3,711	)	$	5,188		$	34		$	5,222



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Treasury Stock		Retained Earnings			AOCL⁽³⁾			Xerox Shareholders’ Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	254	$	3,875		$	—	$	5,004		$	(4,010	)	$	5,123		$	35		$	5,158
Comprehensive income, net	—		—			—		179			115			294			3			297
Cash dividends declared - common⁽¹⁾	—		—			—		(63		)	—			(63		)	—			(63		)
Cash dividends declared - preferred⁽²⁾	—		—			—		(4		)	—			(4		)	—			(4		)
Stock option and incentive plans, net	1		6			—		—			—			7			—			7
Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests	—		(1		)	—		—			—			(1		)	(4		)	(5		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	255	$	3,880		$	—	$	5,116		$	(3,895	)	$	5,356		$	34		$	5,390



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings			AOCL⁽³⁾			Xerox Shareholders’ Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	255	$	3,893	$	—		$	4,856		$	(3,748	)	$	5,256		$	37		$	5,293
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles⁽⁴⁾	—		—		—			120			—			120			—			120
Comprehensive income, net	—		—		—			224			37			261			9			270
Cash dividends declared - common⁽¹⁾	—		—		—			(192		)	—			(192		)	—			(192		)
Cash dividends declared - preferred⁽²⁾	—		—		—			(11		)	—			(11		)	—			(11		)
Stock option and incentive plans, net	1		37		—			—			—			38			—			38
Payments to acquire treasury stock, including fees	—		—		(284		)	—			—			(284		)	—			(284		)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—			—			—			—			(12		)	(12		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	256	$	3,930	$	(284	)	$	4,997		$	(3,711	)	$	5,188		$	34		$	5,222



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Treasury Stock		Retained Earnings			AOCL⁽³⁾			Xerox Shareholders’ Equity			Non- controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	254	$	3,858		$	—	$	4,934		$	(4,337	)	$	4,709		$	38		$	4,747
Comprehensive income, net	—		—			—		385			442			827			10			837
Cash dividends declared - common⁽¹⁾	—		—			—		(192		)	—			(192		)	—			(192		)
Cash dividends declared - preferred⁽²⁾	—		—			—		(11		)	—			(11		)	—			(11		)
Stock option and incentive plans, net	1		23			—		—			—			24			—			24
Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests	—		(1		)	—		—			—			(1		)	(14		)	(15		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	255	$	3,880		$	—	$	5,116		$	(3,895	)	$	5,356		$	34		$	5,390

_____________________________


(1)	Cash dividends declared on common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $0.25 per share and $0.75 per share, respectively.


(2)	Cash dividends declared on preferred stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $20.00 per share and $60.00 per share, respectively.


(3)	Refer to Note 17 - Other Comprehensive Income for components of AOCL.


(4)	Includes $117 related to the adoptions of the new Revenue Recognition Standard, see Note 2 for additional information, and $3 related to our share of Fuji Xerox's adoption of ASU 2016-01 - Financial Instruments - Classification and Measurement.

Treasury Stock

In July 2018, the Board of Directors authorized a $1.0 billion share repurchase program (exclusive of any commissions and other transaction fees and costs). This program replaced the $245 of authority remaining under the Company's previously authorized share repurchase program.

There were no repurchases of common stock pursuant to Board authorized share repurchase programs during the first or second quarter of 2018. The following is a summary of the purchases of common stock:



	Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2018	—	$	—
Purchases⁽¹⁾	10,502	284
Cancellations	—	—
Balance at September 30, 2018	10,502	$	284



	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Purchases⁽¹⁾	10,502	284
Cancellations	—	—
Balance at September 30, 2018	10,502	$	284

_____________________________


(1)	Includes associated fees.

Other Comprehensive Income

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]

Other Comprehensive Income

Other Comprehensive Income is comprised of the following:



	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018						2017						2018						2017
	Pre-tax			Net of Tax			Pre-tax			Net of Tax			Pre-tax			Net of Tax			Pre-tax			Net of Tax
Translation Adjustments (Losses) Gains	$	(13	)	$	(13	)	$	152		$	154		$	(164	)	$	(159	)	$	490		$	491
Unrealized (Losses) Gains
Changes in fair value of cash flow hedges - losses	(13		)	(9		)	(9		)	(7		)	(3		)	(2		)	(22		)	(18		)
Changes in cash flow hedges reclassed to earnings⁽¹⁾	1			(1		)	15			11			13			9			23			15
Other gains (losses)	1			1			(2		)	(2		)	(2		)	(2		)	(1		)	(1		)
Net unrealized (losses) gains	(11		)	(9		)	4			2			8			5			—			(4		)

Defined Benefit Plans Gains (Losses)
Net actuarial/prior service gains (losses)	53			44			(50		)	(31		)	89			71			(59		)	(37		)
Prior service amortization⁽²⁾	(2		)	(1		)	(2		)	(2		)	(7		)	(5		)	(7		)	(5		)
Actuarial loss amortization/settlement⁽²⁾	53			40			50			35			146			110			160			109
Fuji Xerox changes in defined benefit plans, net⁽³⁾	6			6			6			6			(18		)	(18		)	27			27
Other (losses) gains⁽⁴⁾	(6		)	(6		)	(49		)	(49		)	33			33			(138		)	(138		)
Changes in defined benefit plans gains (losses)	104			83			(45		)	(41		)	243			191			(17		)	(44		)

Other Comprehensive Income	80			61			111			115			87			37			473			443
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			—			—			—			—			1			1
Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to Xerox	$	80		$	61		$	111		$	115		$	87		$	37		$	472		$	442

_____________________________


(1)	Reclassified to Cost of sales - refer to Note 12 - Financial Instruments for additional information regarding our cash flow hedges.


(2)	Reclassified to Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost - refer to Note 14 - Employee Benefit Plans for additional information.


(3)	Represents our share of Fuji Xerox's benefit plan changes.


(4)	Primarily represents currency impact on cumulative amount of benefit plan net actuarial losses and prior service credits in AOCL.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCL)

AOCL is comprised of the following:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Cumulative translation adjustments	$	(1,940	)	$	(1,781	)
Other unrealized losses, net	(7		)	(12		)
Benefit plans net actuarial losses and prior service credits⁽¹⁾	(1,764		)	(1,955		)
Total Accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to Xerox	$	(3,711	)	$	(3,748	)

_____________________________


(1)	Includes our share of Fuji Xerox.

Earnings per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

(share data in thousands)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Basic Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Xerox	$	89		$	176		$	224		$	388
Accrued dividends on preferred stock	(4		)	(4		)	(11		)	(11		)
Adjusted Net income from continuing operations available to common shareholders	85			172			213			377
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Xerox	—			3			—			(3		)
Adjusted Net income available to common shareholders	$	85		$	175		$	213		$	374

Weighted average common shares outstanding	251,290			254,510			253,360			254,259

Basic Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Continuing operations	$	0.34		$	0.68		$	0.84		$	1.49
Discontinued operations	—			0.01			—			(0.01		)
Basic Earnings per Share	$	0.34		$	0.69		$	0.84		$	1.48

Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Xerox	$	89		$	176		$	224		$	388
Accrued dividends on preferred stock	(4		)	—			(11		)	(11		)
Adjusted Net income from continuing operations available to common shareholders	85			176			213			377
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Xerox	—			3			—			(3		)
Adjusted Net income available to common shareholders	$	85		$	179		$	213		$	374

Weighted average common shares outstanding	251,290			254,510			253,360			254,259
Common shares issuable with respect to:
Stock options	—			—			—			—
Restricted stock and performance shares	2,763			2,133			2,875			2,170
Convertible preferred stock	—			6,742			—			—
Adjusted Weighted average common shares outstanding	254,053			263,385			256,235			256,429

Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Continuing operations	$	0.34		$	0.67		$	0.83		$	1.47
Discontinued operations	—			0.01			—			(0.01		)
Diluted Earnings per Share	$	0.34		$	0.68		$	0.83		$	1.46

The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as they were either contingently issuable shares or shares that if included would have been anti-dilutive:
Stock options	1,052			—			1,052			—
Restricted stock and performance shares	3,529			3,890			3,417			3,852
Convertible preferred stock	6,742			—			6,742			6,742
Total Anti-Dilutive Securities	11,323			3,890			11,211			10,594

Dividends per Common Share	$	0.25		$	0.25		$	0.75		$	0.75

Contingencies and Litigation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingencies and Litigation

Legal Matters

We are involved in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations and proceedings concerning: securities law; governmental entity contracting; servicing and procurement law; intellectual property law; environmental law; employment law; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA); and other laws and regulations. We determine whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. We assess our potential liability by analyzing our litigation and regulatory matters using available information. We develop our views on estimated losses in consultation with outside counsel handling our defense in these matters, which involves an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. Should developments in any of these matters cause a change in our determination as to an unfavorable outcome and result in the need to recognize a material accrual, or should any of these matters result in a final adverse judgment or be settled for significant amounts, they could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position in the period or periods in which such change in determination, judgment or settlement occurs.

Brazil Tax and Labor Contingencies

Our Brazilian operations are involved in various litigation matters and have received or been the subject of numerous governmental assessments related to indirect and other taxes, as well as disputes associated with former employees and contract labor. The tax matters, which comprise a significant portion of the total contingencies, principally relate to claims for taxes on the internal transfer of inventory, municipal service taxes on rentals and gross revenue taxes. We are disputing these tax matters and intend to vigorously defend our positions. Based on the opinion of legal counsel and current reserves for those matters deemed probable of loss, we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will materially impact our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

The labor matters principally relate to claims made by former employees and contract labor for the equivalent payment of all social security and other related labor benefits, as well as consequential tax claims, as if they were regular employees. As of September 30, 2018, the total amounts related to the unreserved portion of the tax and labor contingencies, inclusive of any related interest, amounted to approximately $490, with the decrease from our December 31, 2017 balance of approximately $600, primarily related to currency and closed cases, partially offset by interest. With respect to the unreserved balance of approximately $490, the majority has been assessed by management as being remote as to the likelihood of ultimately resulting in a loss to the Company. In connection with the above proceedings, customary local regulations may require us to make escrow cash deposits or post other security of up to half of the total amount in dispute. As of September 30, 2018, we had $59 of escrow cash deposits for matters we are disputing and additional surety bonds and letters of credit of $87 and $108, respectively, which include associated indexation. There were no liens on any of our Brazilian assets as of September 30, 2018. Generally, any escrowed amounts would be refundable and any liens would be removed to the extent the matters are resolved in our favor. We routinely assess all these matters as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability against our Brazilian operations and record our best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where we assess the likelihood of an ultimate loss as probable.

Litigation Against the Company

Pending Litigation Relating to the Fuji Transaction:


1.	Deason v. Fujifilm Holdings Corp., et al.; Deason v. Xerox Corp., et al.; In re Xerox Corporation Consolidated Shareholder Litigation:

In February 2018, five complaints, including four putative class actions (which have been consolidated), were filed by Xerox shareholders in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County ("Court") in connection with the proposed transaction to combine Xerox and Fuji Xerox (“Fuji Transaction”) (refer to Note 20 - Fuji Xerox Transaction and Recent Developments). All of the complaints name as defendants Xerox, its directors, and FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation (“Fujifilm”). The complaint in one of the actions also names as a defendant Ursula M. Burns, the former Chief Executive Officer of Xerox. The plaintiffs allege, among other things, that Xerox's directors breached their fiduciary duties in negotiating, approving, and purportedly making false and misleading disclosures about the Fuji Transaction, and that Fujifilm aided and abetted those breaches. The complaint in one of the actions further alleges that Xerox and the director defendants engaged in common law fraud by purportedly failing to disclose information about the joint venture agreements between Xerox and Fujifilm. The lawsuits seek injunctive relief preventing the previously proposed transactions, and/or additional disclosures by Xerox’s directors, unspecified damages from Xerox’s directors, costs and attorneys’ fees, as well as other relief.

Another complaint filed by Darwin Deason, a Xerox shareholder, against Xerox and its directors in the same Court on March 2, 2018 alleged that defendants breached their fiduciary duties by refusing Mr. Deason’s request for a waiver of the deadline for nomination of a new slate of Xerox directors, and sought to enjoin Xerox and its directors from enforcing Xerox’s advance notice by-laws, thereby allowing Mr. Deason to proceed with the nominations, as well as costs, fees, and other relief.

On April 27, 2018, the Court issued decisions and orders granting plaintiffs’ preliminary injunction motions, which (i) enjoin Xerox from “taking any further action to consummate the change of control transaction between Xerox and Fuji that was announced on January 31, 2018 pending a final determination of the claims asserted in the underlying action;” (ii) enjoin Xerox from enforcing its advance notice bylaw provision requiring shareholders to nominate directors for election at the 2018 annual shareholder meeting by December 11, 2017; and (iii) require Xerox to waive such advance notice bylaw provision to permit the noticing of a slate of director nominees for election at the 2018 annual shareholder meeting, and denying defendants’ motions to dismiss.

On May 1, 2018, Xerox entered into a Director Appointment, Nomination and Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with Carl Icahn and Darwin Deason, among others, that would have resolved the pending proxy contest in connection with Xerox’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, as well as the ongoing litigation brought by Mr. Deason against Xerox and its directors related to the Fuji Transaction. The agreement expired by its terms on May 3, 2018 without becoming effective.

On May 7, 2018, defendants filed with the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, First Judicial Department, notices of appeal of, and motions to stay pending appeal, the lower Court’s decision and order. Defendants also moved the appellate court for interim relief ordering that the appeal be heard on an expedited basis. At a hearing before the appellate court on May 7, 2018, the appellate court ruled that the appeals would be heard on an expedited basis and granted a partial interim stay allowing Xerox and Fujifilm to take steps to seek regulatory approvals related to the Fuji Transaction pending a ruling from the appellate court on defendants’ motions to stay pending appeal.

On May 13, 2018, a settlement agreement with respect to the Deason cases was signed on behalf of plaintiff Deason, the Icahn Group and related parties, and all defendants except Fujifilm, and a memorandum of understanding regarding settlement of the putative class case was signed by all defendants except Fujifilm. Pursuant to the settlements, the settling defendants withdrew their appeal and motion to stay in the Deason cases. The settling defendants also withdrew their motion to stay in the putative class case. Fujifilm's appeal and motion for a stay of the proceedings in the first Deason case and the putative class case remain pending before the Appellate Division. The Court entered a stipulation of discontinuance as to the settling parties in the second Deason case on May 14, 2018, and agreed on June 22, 2018 to do the same in the first Deason case.

On June 14, 2018, Fujifilm filed answers in the first Deason case and the putative class case, along with cross-claims against the members of the Xerox Board (as constituted before May 13, 2018) and a third-party complaint against Xerox director Jonathan Christodoro, seeking contribution for any potential award against Fujifilm for aiding and abetting purported breaches of fiduciary duties.

On June 19, 2018, the putative class plaintiffs filed a motion for preliminary approval of a stipulation of settlement that would resolve the claims asserted by the plaintiffs in the putative class case against all defendants, other than Fujifilm. Carmen Ribbe, the plaintiff in the below derivative action, and Fujifilm filed oppositions to the motion on July 10, 2018.

On June 22, 2018, the Court entered an order denying a joint motion by the putative class plaintiffs and the settling defendants to dissolve the injunction in the class case as against the settling defendants, and entered an order denying Fujifilm’s motion to dissolve the injunctions in the class case and the first Deason case in their entirety.

On July 16, 2018, the Court held a hearing concerning the putative class plaintiffs’ motion for preliminary approval of the settlement in the putative class case. The Court indicated that it was not inclined to consider motions for approval of the settlement prior to considering whether the putative class should be certified.

On August 2, 2018, the Appellate Division entered orders recognizing the Xerox defendants’ withdrawal of their appeal in the Deason cases and denying all appellants’ motions to stay pending determination of appeals in the Deason and class cases.

On August 2, 2018, the Appellate Division entered orders (i) at their request, deeming withdrawn the Xerox defendants’ appeal and motion to stay in the Deason cases; and (ii) upon their request, deeming withdrawn the Xerox defendants’ motion to stay, pending determination of appeal, the putative class case; and (iii) denying Fujifilm’s motion to stay pending determination of its appeals in the Deason and putative case cases.

On September 21, 2018, putative class plaintiffs filed a motion for certification of a settlement class and a motion to transmit notice of the proposed settlement to the proposed class. On October 17, 2018, derivative plaintiff Carmen Ribbe and Fujifilm filed oppositions to the putative class plaintiffs’ motion to transmit notice to the proposed class. The class has not yet been certified, and preliminary approval has not been granted.

The Appellate Division heard oral argument on September 25, 2018 on Fujifilm’s appeal of the Court’s decision. On October 16, 2018, the Appellate Division entered a decision and order reversing the Court’s rulings, ordering that the claims brought against Fujifilm in the cases by Mr. Deason and the purported class be dismissed, and further ordering that the preliminary injunction of the proposed Fuji Transaction be dissolved.

Xerox will vigorously defend these lawsuits to the extent that the proceedings continue as to Xerox. At this time, however, it is premature to make any conclusion regarding the probability of incurring material losses in these lawsuits. Should developments cause a change in our determination as to an unfavorable outcome, or result in a final adverse judgment or settlement, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position in the period in which such change in determination, judgment, or settlement occurs.


2.	Ribbe v. Jacobson, et al.:

On May 24, 2018, a shareholder derivative complaint was filed with the Court by Carmen Ribbe against all defendants in the putative class action described above, as well as Centerview Partners, LLC. Plaintiff made no pre-complaint demand. The Ribbe complaint contains allegations of breaches of fiduciary duty similar to those in the putative class complaint, and further alleges that Fujifilm and Centerview aided and abetted those breaches, and that the directors breached their fiduciary duties and wasted corporate assets by, among other things, agreeing to releases of claims against them and allowing certain alleged payments in settlement of the Deason and putative class cases. It seeks unspecified damages for Xerox, rescission or reformation of the Deason and putative class settlements, restitution of funds allegedly paid to the directors, injunctive relief against wrongful practices, costs and attorneys’ fees, as well as other relief.

On August 13, 2018, the Xerox defendants and Fujifilm filed motions to dismiss or stay the complaint. The motions are fully briefed.

On or about August 10, 2018, the parties filed a stipulated proposed order of discontinuance without prejudice as to Centerview in light of a recent agreement between Centerview and Xerox. On August 27, 2018, the Court declined to so-order the discontinuance absent Xerox’s providing notice thereof to shareholders, and ordered the parties to confer regarding notice publication.

Xerox believes the lawsuit is meritless and will vigorously defend it. At this time, however, it is premature to make any conclusion regarding the probability of incurring material losses in this litigation. Should developments cause a change in our determination as to an unfavorable outcome, or result in a final adverse judgment or settlement, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position in the period in which such change in determination, judgment, or settlement occurs.


3.	Fujifilm Holdings Corp. v. Xerox Corporation:

On June 18, 2018, Fujifilm filed a complaint against Xerox in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, relating to the Fuji Transaction agreements. The complaint alleges that Xerox (1) willfully breached the Fuji Transaction agreements by purporting to terminate them to appease Messrs. Icahn and Deason and using as a pretext issues with Fujifilm’s untimely submitted financials, and by settling the Deason litigation without notice to or consent by Fujifilm; (2) willfully breached the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing by failing to support and use best efforts to conclude the Fuji Transaction, thus depriving Fujifilm of the benefit of its bargain; and (3) effected a change in Xerox’s recommendation regarding the Fuji Transaction, entitling Fujifilm to terminate the Fuji Transaction agreements and to receive from Xerox a $183 termination fee. Fujifilm seeks a judgment for damages to be determined at trial in an amount in excess of $1.0 billion plus punitive damages; a declaration regarding the alleged change in recommendation such that Fujifilm may terminate the transaction and Xerox must pay the $183 termination fee and other remedies; costs and attorneys’ fees; and other relief the court may deem appropriate.

At a conference on September 24, 2018, the Court stayed all discovery pending resolution of Xerox’s motion to dismiss. Xerox filed its motion to dismiss on October 1, 2018.

State of Texas v. Xerox Corporation, Xerox State Healthcare, LLC, and ACS State Healthcare, LLC: On May 9, 2014, the State of Texas, via the Texas Office of Attorney General (the “State”), filed a lawsuit in the 53rd Judicial District Court of Travis County, Texas. The lawsuit alleges that Xerox Corporation, Xerox State Healthcare, LLC and ACS State Healthcare (collectively “the Defendants”) violated the Texas Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act in the administration of ACS State Healthcare’s contract with the Texas Department of Health and Human Services (“HHSC”). Xerox Corporation provided a guaranty of contractual performance with respect to the ACS State Healthcare’s contract. The State alleges that the Defendants made false representations of material facts regarding the processes, procedures, implementation and results regarding the prior authorization of orthodontic claims. The State seeks recovery of actual damages, two times the amount of any overpayments made as a result of unlawful acts, civil penalties, pre- and post-judgment interest and all costs and attorneys’ fees. The State references the amount in controversy as exceeding hundreds of millions of dollars. The Defendants filed their Answer in June 2014 denying all allegations. In August 2017, the State of Texas filed a Second Amended Petition, which makes substantially similar allegations and seeks similar remedies as the original lawsuit. On October 23, 2017, Xerox Corporation filed a Motion for Summary Judgment seeking judgment in Xerox's favor on all claims against it. On July 2, 2018, the Court denied the State of Texas’ motion for a determination of the adequacy of its pleadings as to Xerox or in the alternative, seeking leave to amend its petition to bring additional claims against Xerox. The Defendants will continue to vigorously defend themselves in this matter. This matter is a “Conduent Liability”, as defined in the Separation and Distribution Agreement dated as of December 31, 2016 between Xerox Corporation and Conduent Incorporated, for which Conduent is required to indemnify Xerox. Conduent is entitled to direct the defense of this matter.

Oklahoma Firefighters Pension and Retirement System v. Xerox Corporation, Ursula M. Burns, Luca Maestri, Kathryn A. Mikells, Lynn R. Blodgett, Robert K. Zapfel, David H. Bywater and Mary Scanlon: On October 21, 2016, the Oklahoma Firefighters Pension and Retirement System (“plaintiff”) filed a purported securities class action complaint against Xerox Corporation, Ursula Burns, Luca Maestri, Kathryn Mikells, Lynn Blodgett and Robert Zapfel (collectively, “defendants”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of the plaintiff and certain purchasers or acquirers of Xerox common stock. The complaint alleged that defendants made false and misleading statements, in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act and SEC Rule 10b-5, relating to the operations and prospects of Xerox’s Health Enterprise business. Plaintiff sought, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and attorneys’ fees. Other, similar lawsuits may follow. On December 28, 2016, the Court entered a stipulated order setting out a schedule for amendment of the complaint and for defendants’ response to that complaint following the Court’s appointment of lead plaintiff under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. On February 28, 2017, the Court issued an opinion and order appointing the Arkansas Public Employees Retirement System ("APERS") as lead plaintiff. On May 1, 2017, APERS filed an amended complaint, alleging substantially similar claims and seeking substantially similar relief, but adding David Bywater and Mary Scanlon as defendants. On June 30, 2017, defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint, and the motions were fully briefed on October 13, 2017. On March 20, 2018, the Court entered an opinion and order granting the motions, and on March 23, 2018, the Court entered a judgment of dismissal and closed the case. On April 20, 2018, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Xerox will vigorously defend against this matter. At this time, it is premature to make any conclusion regarding the probability of incurring material losses in this litigation. Should developments cause a change in our determination as to an unfavorable outcome, or result in a final adverse judgment or settlement, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position in the period in which such change in determination, judgment, or settlement occurs.

Other Contingencies

We have issued or provided approximately $320 of guarantees as of September 30, 2018 in the form of letters of credit or surety bonds issued to i) support certain insurance programs; ii) support our obligations related to the Brazil tax and labor contingencies; and iii) support certain contracts, primarily with public sector customers, which require us to provide a surety bond as a guarantee of our performance of contractual obligations.

In general, we would only be liable for the amount of these guarantees in the event we defaulted in performing our obligations under each contract; the probability of which we believe is remote. We believe that our capacity in the surety markets as well as under various credit arrangements (including our Credit Facility) is sufficient to allow us to respond to future requests for proposals that require such credit support.

Indemnifications

We have indemnified, subject to certain deductibles and limits, the purchasers of businesses or divested assets for the occurrence of specified events under certain of our divestiture agreements. Where appropriate, an obligation for such indemnifications is recorded as a liability. Since the obligated amounts of these types of indemnifications are often not explicitly stated and/or are contingent on the occurrence of future events, the overall maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications cannot be reasonably estimated. Other than obligations recorded as liabilities at the time of divestiture, we have not historically made significant payments for these indemnifications. Additionally, under certain of our acquisition agreements, we have provided for additional consideration to be paid to the sellers if established financial targets are achieved post-closing. We have recognized liabilities for these contingent obligations based on an estimate of the fair value of these contingencies at the time of acquisition. Contingent obligations related to indemnifications arising from our divestitures and contingent consideration provided for by our acquisitions are not expected to be material to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Fuji Xerox Transaction and Recent Developments	9 Months Ended
Fuji Xerox Transaction and Recent Developments	Sep. 30, 2018
Fuji Xerox Transaction and Recent Developments [Abstract]
Fuji Xerox Transaction and Recent Developments	Fuji Xerox Transaction and Recent Developments Pending Litigation Relating to the Fuji Transaction Refer to Note 19 - Contingencies and Litigation for discussion of the Pending Litigation Relating to the Fuji Xerox Transaction. Fuji Xerox Transaction Overview and Termination of Agreement On January 31, 2018, Xerox entered into (i) a Redemption Agreement with FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation, a Japanese company (“Fujifilm”), and Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., a Japanese company, in which Xerox indirectly holds a 25% equity interest while Fujifilm holds the remaining 75% equity interest (“Fuji Xerox”), and (ii) a Subscription Agreement with Fujifilm (collectively, the “Transaction Agreements”). Under the terms of the Transaction Agreements, Fuji Xerox would have become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xerox, Xerox shareholders would have received a $2.5 billion special cash dividend and Xerox would have become owned 49.9% by Xerox's shareholders as of the closing date for the transaction and 50.1% by Fujifilm. The terms of the Subscription Agreement provided the Company with certain terminations rights, including (a) if the audited financial statements of FX deviated in any material respect from the unaudited financial statements of FX and its subsidiaries provided to the Company prior to the date of the Subscription Agreement and (b) if Fujifilm or FX failed to perform any covenant or agreement set forth in the Subscription Agreement that would cause certain conditions to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreement not to be satisfied, which breach or failure to perform could not be cured or, if capable of cure, had not been cured by the earlier of 30 days following written notice thereof from the Company to Fujifilm. As a result of the failure by Fujifilm to deliver the audited financial statements of FX by April 15, 2018 and the material deviations reflected in the audited financial statements of FX, when delivered, the Company determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Subscription Agreement in accordance with the termination rights set forth therein, taking into account other circumstances limiting the ability of the Company, Fujifilm and FX to consummate a transaction. On May 13, 2018, prior to entry into the Settlement Agreement discussed in Note 19 - Contingencies and Litigation, the Company delivered written notice of termination of the Subscription Agreement to Fujifilm. By virtue of the termination of the Subscription Agreement, the Redemption Agreement terminated automatically. The Company's termination of the Transaction Agreements is the subject of pending litigation. The Company continues to maintain existing commercial relationships with FX and Fujifilm, including, as part of the following agreements: (i) the Joint Enterprise Contract, between the Company and Fujifilm, dated March 30, 2001, (ii) the Technology Agreement, dated April 1, 2006, by and between the Company and FX and (iii) the Master Program Agreement made and entered into as of September 9, 2013 by and between the Company and FX. On June 25, 2018, the Company disclosed to Fujifilm that it does not currently plan to renew the Technology Agreement when it expires in 2021. In addition, the Company disclosed plans that it may sell products directly into the Asia-Pacific market with sole and exclusive use of the Xerox brand name. Xerox’s goals include sourcing products, parts and supplies from the most competitive suppliers to support the needs of its customers. Bridge Facility Termination On January 31, 2018, Xerox entered into a Commitment Letter with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., which provided a commitment for a $2.5 billion unsecured bridge loan facility that would have been available for Xerox to pay the special one-time cash dividend of $2.5 billion to existing shareholders of Xerox in connection with the Transaction Agreements, as described above. Concurrent with the termination of the Transaction Agreements, the commitment to provide the unsecured bridge loan facility was terminated in the second quarter 2018 and, as a result, the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs of $16 were written-off.

Supplementary Financial Information Supplementary Financial Information (Policy)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018
Supplemental Financial Information [Abstract]
Restricted Cash, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Restricted cash primarily relates to escrow cash deposits made in Brazil associated with tax and labor litigation. As more fully discussed in Note 19 - Contingencies and Litigation, various litigation matters in Brazil require us to make cash deposits to escrow as a condition of continuing the litigation. Restricted cash amounts are classified in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on when the cash is expected to be contractually or judicially released.

Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Table Text Block]

The impacts of adopting ASC Topic 606 on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:



	As of September 30, 2018
	Superseded Revenue Guidance⁽¹⁾		Adjustments			As Reported
Deferred tax assets	$	830	$	(33	)	$	797
Other long-term assets	822		142			964
Retained earnings	4,888		109			4,997

____________


(1)	Reflects balance of account under revenue recognition guidance superseded by ASC Topic 606.

The following table reflects the adjustment of selected lines from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income to the recasted amounts as a result of the adoption of this update:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Recasted
Cost of sales	$	594	$	(1	)	$	593
Cost of services, maintenance and rentals	882		(12		)	870
Research, development and engineering expenses	108		(3		)	105
Selling, administrative and general expenses	648		(18		)	630
Restructuring and related costs	36		(1		)	35
Other expenses, net	17		35			52



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Recasted
Cost of sales	$	1,780	$	(3	)	$	1,777
Cost of services, maintenance and rentals	2,666		(43		)	2,623
Research, development and engineering expenses	332		(14		)	318
Selling, administrative and general expenses	1,955		(65		)	1,890
Restructuring and related costs	196		(4		)	192
Other expenses, net	105		129			234

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

Revenues disaggregated by primary geographic markets, major product lines, and sales channels are as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Primary geographical markets⁽¹⁾:
United States	$	1,414	$	1,500	$	4,307	$	4,502
Europe	587		628		1,923		1,942
Canada	133		154		424		449
Other	218		215		643		625
Total Revenues	$	2,352	$	2,497	$	7,297	$	7,518

Major product and services lines:
Equipment⁽²⁾	$	511	$	520	$	1,571	$	1,569
Supplies, paper and other sales	432		461		1,322		1,358
Maintenance agreements⁽³⁾	587		624		1,854		1,925
Service arrangements⁽⁴⁾	587		637		1,824		1,895
Rental and other	170		182		522		548
Financing	65		73		204		223
Total Revenues	$	2,352	$	2,497	$	7,297	$	7,518

Sales channels:
Direct equipment lease⁽⁵⁾	$	175	$	165	$	507	$	488
Distributors & resellers⁽⁶⁾	304		331		1,005		1,024
Customer direct	464		485		1,381		1,415
Total Sales	$	943	$	981	$	2,893	$	2,927

_____________


(1)	Geographic area data is based upon the location of the subsidiary reporting the revenue.


(2)	For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, Equipment sale revenues exclude $11 and $31, respectively, of equipment-related training revenue, which was classified as Services under previous revenue guidance - see "Adoption Summary" above.


(3)	Includes revenues from maintenance agreements on sold equipment as well as revenues associated with service agreements sold in our small and mid-sized business (SMB) focused channels and through our channel partners as Xerox Partner Print Services (XPPS).


(4)	Primarily includes revenues from our Managed Document Services (MDS) offerings. Also includes revenues from embedded operating leases, which were not significant.


(5)	Primarily reflects direct sales through bundled lease arrangements.


(6)	Primarily reflects sales through our two-tier distribution channels.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Table Text Block]

The impacts of adopting ASC Topic 606 on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:



	As of September 30, 2018
	Superseded Revenue Guidance⁽¹⁾		Adjustments			As Reported
Deferred tax assets	$	830	$	(33	)	$	797
Other long-term assets	822		142			964
Retained earnings	4,888		109			4,997

____________


(1)	Reflects balance of account under revenue recognition guidance superseded by ASC Topic 606.

The following table reflects the adjustment of selected lines from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income to the recasted amounts as a result of the adoption of this update:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Recasted
Cost of sales	$	594	$	(1	)	$	593
Cost of services, maintenance and rentals	882		(12		)	870
Research, development and engineering expenses	108		(3		)	105
Selling, administrative and general expenses	648		(18		)	630
Restructuring and related costs	36		(1		)	35
Other expenses, net	17		35			52



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Recasted
Cost of sales	$	1,780	$	(3	)	$	1,777
Cost of services, maintenance and rentals	2,666		(43		)	2,623
Research, development and engineering expenses	332		(14		)	318
Selling, administrative and general expenses	1,955		(65		)	1,890
Restructuring and related costs	196		(4		)	192
Other expenses, net	105		129			234

Divestitures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Summarized Financial Information - Discontinued operations

Summarized financial information for our Discontinued operations is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Loss from operations	$	1		$	9
Loss on disposal	—			—
Net loss before income taxes	(1		)	(9		)
Income tax benefit	4			6
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	3		$	(3	)

Supplemental Financial Information [Abstract]

Tabular disclosure of information related to a disposal group. Includes, but is not limited to, a discontinued operation, disposal classified as held-for-sale or disposed of by means other than sale or disposal of an individually significant component.

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+ Details

Supplementary Financial Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash amounts were as follows:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,157	$	1,293
Restricted cash
Tax and labor litigation deposits in Brazil	59		72
Other restricted cash	2		3
Total Restricted cash	61		75
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	1,218	$	1,368

Restricted Cash Balance Sheet Location [Table Text Block]

Restricted cash was reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Other current assets	$	—	$	1
Other long-term assets	61		74
Total Restricted cash	$	61	$	75

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Summarized cash flow information is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Provision for receivables	$	11	$	15	$	37	$	38
Provision for inventory	5		9		19		21
Provision for product warranty	3		4		10		11
Depreciation of buildings and equipment	30		35		118		103
Depreciation and obsolescence of equipment on operating leases	62		66		189		201
Amortization of internal use software	18		16		55		47
Amortization of product software	—		1		—		4
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	12		12		36		41
Amortization of customer contract costs⁽¹⁾	25		1		75		3
Cost of additions to land, buildings and equipment	15		15		41		45
Cost of additions to internal use software	8		8		32		25
Common stock dividends	65		65		193		210
Preferred stock dividends	4		3		11		13
Payments to noncontrolling interests	1		5		14		17

__________________________


(1)	Amortization of customer contract costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is reported in (Increase) decrease in other current and long-term assets. Refer to Note 2 - Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard - Contract Costs for additional information.

Accounts Receivable, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net were as follows:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Invoiced	$	1,013		$	1,048
Accrued	334			368
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(57		)	(59		)
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,290		$	1,357

Schedule of accounts receivables sales

Accounts receivable sales were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Accounts receivable sales⁽¹⁾	$	66		$	520		$	297		$	1,598
Deferred proceeds	—			56			—			164
Loss on sales of accounts receivable	1			3			2			9
Estimated decrease to operating cash flows⁽²⁾	(34		)	(77		)	(61		)	(83		)

__________________________

(1)


(2)	Represents the difference between current and prior period receivable sales adjusted for the effects of: (i) the deferred proceeds, (ii) collections prior to the end of the quarter and, (iii) currency. In third quarter 2018, the $34 decrease reflected lower sales consistent with the seasonality of our European operations.

Finance Receivables, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Financing Receivable, Net [Abstract]

Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables

The following table is a rollforward of the allowance for doubtful finance receivables as well as the related investment in finance receivables:



Allowance for Credit Losses:	United States			Canada			Europe			Other⁽¹⁾		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	56		$	15		$	35		$	2	$	108
Provision	5			—			4			—		9
Charge-offs	(5		)	(1		)	(4		)	—		(10		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			—			1			—		1
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	56		$	14		$	36		$	2	$	108
Provision	4			1			4			—		9
Charge-offs	(4		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(8		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			—			(2		)	—		(2		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	56		$	14		$	35		$	2	$	107
Provision	2			—			4			—		6
Charge-offs	(2		)	(2		)	(4		)	—		(8		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	1			1			—			—		2
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	57		$	13		$	35		$	2	$	107
Finance receivables as of September 30, 2018 collectively evaluated for impairment ⁽³⁾	$	1,950		$	352		$	1,242		$	57	$	3,601

Balance at December 31, 2016	$	55		$	16		$	37		$	2	$	110
Provision	4			—			5			—		9
Charge-offs	(6		)	(2		)	(2		)	—		(10		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	—			2			—			—		2
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	53		$	16		$	40		$	2	$	111
Provision	4			1			1			—		6
Charge-offs	(10		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(14		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	1			—			4			—		5
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	48		$	16		$	42		$	2	$	108
Provision	1			—			3			—		4
Charge-offs	(2		)	(1		)	(3		)	—		(6		)
Recoveries and other⁽²⁾	8			1			1			—		10
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	55		$	16		$	43		$	2	$	116
Finance receivables as of September 30, 2017 collectively evaluated for impairment⁽³⁾	$	1,992		$	391		$	1,339		$	66	$	3,788

__________________


(1)	Includes developing market countries and smaller units.


(2)	Includes the impacts of foreign currency translation and adjustments to reserves necessary to reflect events of non-payment such as customer accommodations and contract terminations.


(3)	Total Finance receivables exclude the allowance for credit losses of $107 and $116 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators

Details about our finance receivables portfolio based on industry and credit quality indicators are as follows:



	September 30, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Investment Grade		Non-investment Grade		Substandard		Total Finance Receivables		Investment Grade		Non-investment Grade		Substandard		Total Finance Receivables
Finance and other services	$	174	$	331	$	90	$	595	$	199	$	345	$	75	$	619
Government and education	455		67		9		531		490		61		6		557
Graphic arts	83		132		94		309		84		97		141		322
Industrial	80		82		16		178		82		84		14		180
Healthcare	79		51		10		140		88		48		9		145
Other	63		89		45		197		68		98		40		206
Total United States	934		752		264		1,950		1,011		733		285		2,029
Finance and other services	50		36		22		108		54		42		27		123
Government and education	40		4		3		47		48		5		5		58
Graphic arts	26		30		27		83		34		35		27		96
Industrial	17		13		9		39		20		12		11		43
Other	36		22		17		75		36		25		16		77
Total Canada	169		105		78		352		192		119		86		397
France	223		186		18		427		234		226		22		482
U.K./Ireland	117		116		8		241		106		150		10		266
Central⁽¹⁾	174		141		13		328		189		149		16		354
Southern⁽²⁾	43		145		13		201		52		144		13		209
Nordics⁽³⁾	26		18		1		45		29		21		1		51
Total Europe	583		606		53		1,242		610		690		62		1,362
Other	34		20		3		57		38		28		6		72
Total	$	1,720	$	1,483	$	398	$	3,601	$	1,851	$	1,570	$	439	$	3,860

_____________________________


(1)	Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.


(2)	Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.


(3)	Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.

Finance Receivables Aging

The aging of our billed finance receivables is based upon the number of days an invoice is past due and is as follows:



	September 30, 2018
	Current		31-90 Days Past Due		>90 Days Past Due		Total Billed		Unbilled		Total Finance Receivables		>90 Days and Accruing
Finance and other services	$	14	$	3	$	2	$	19	$	576	$	595	$	9
Government and education	18		3		2		23		508		531		20
Graphic arts	12		1		—		13		296		309		6
Industrial	5		1		1		7		171		178		5
Healthcare	4		1		1		6		134		140		4
Other	6		1		1		8		189		197		4
Total United States	59		10		7		76		1,874		1,950		48
Canada	7		2		1		10		342		352		21
France	6		—		—		6		421		427		18
U.K./Ireland	2		—		—		2		239		241		1
Central⁽¹⁾	1		1		1		3		325		328		8
Southern⁽²⁾	3		1		1		5		196		201		7
Nordics⁽³⁾	1		—		—		1		44		45		—
Total Europe	13		2		2		17		1,225		1,242		34
Other	3		—		—		3		54		57		—
Total	$	82	$	14	$	10	$	106	$	3,495	$	3,601	$	103

	December 31, 2017
	Current		31-90 Days Past Due		>90 Days Past Due		Total Billed		Unbilled		Total Finance Receivables		>90 Days and Accruing
Finance and other services	$	18	$	3	$	1	$	22	$	597	$	619	$	12
Government and education	18		3		3		24		533		557		21
Graphic arts	12		1		—		13		309		322		6
Industrial	6		1		1		8		172		180		4
Healthcare	5		1		1		7		138		145		5
Other	7		1		1		9		197		206		3
Total United States	66		10		7		83		1,946		2,029		51
Canada	8		2		1		11		386		397		17
France	6		—		—		6		476		482		22
U.K./Ireland	3		—		—		3		263		266		—
Central⁽¹⁾	1		2		—		3		351		354		6
Southern⁽²⁾	4		1		1		6		203		209		6
Nordics⁽³⁾	—		—		—		—		51		51		—
Total Europe	14		3		1		18		1,344		1,362		34
Other	3		—		—		3		69		72		—
Total	$	91	$	15	$	9	$	115	$	3,745	$	3,860	$	102

_____________________________

(1)Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium and Holland.

(2)Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.

(3)Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.

Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

The following is a summary of Inventories by major category:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Finished goods	$	817	$	777
Work-in-process	60		49
Raw materials	81		89
Total Inventories	$	958	$	915

Investment in Affiliates, at Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates

Our Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018			2017
Fuji Xerox	$	41	$	26	$	(12	)	$	81
Other	2		4		6			9
Total Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates	$	43	$	30	$	(6	)	$	90

Summarized Financial Information Of Equity Investment - Fuji Xerox

Summarized financial information for Fuji Xerox was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018			2017
Summary of Operations
Revenues	$	2,326	$	2,508	$	7,017		$	7,392
Costs and expenses	2,077		2,383		6,946			6,926
Income before Income Taxes	249		125		71			466
Income tax expense	84		41		95			117
Net Income (Loss)	165		84		(24		)	349
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1		1		2			3
Net Income (Loss) – Fuji Xerox	$	164	$	83	$	(26	)	$	346
Weighted Average Exchange Rate⁽¹⁾	111.43		110.90		109.50			111.92

_____________________________


(1)	Represents Yen/U.S. Dollar exchange rate used to translate.

Restructuring Programs (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Program Activity

Information related to restructuring program activity is outlined below:



	Severance and Related Costs			Lease Cancellation and Other Costs			Asset Impairments⁽²⁾		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	108		$	1		$	—	$	109
Provision	24			12			—		36
Reversals	(8		)	—			—		(8		)
Net current period charges⁽¹⁾	16			12			—		28
Charges against reserve and currency	(41		)	(11		)	—		(52		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	83		$	2		$	—	$	85
Provision	40			—			—		40
Reversals	(6		)	—			—		(6		)
Net current period charges⁽¹⁾	34			—			—		34
Charges against reserve and currency	(39		)	(1		)	—		(40		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	78		$	1		$	—	$	79
Provision	40			1			—		41
Reversals	(12		)	—			—		(12		)
Net current period charges⁽¹⁾	28			1			—		29
Charges against reserve and currency	(37		)	(1		)	—		(38		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	69		$	1		$	—	$	70

____________________________


(1)	Represents net amount recognized within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the period shown for restructuring and asset impairment charges.


(2)	Charges associated with asset impairments represent the write-down of the related assets to their new cost basis and are recorded concurrently with the recognition of the provision.

Reconciliation to the Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the reconciliation to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Charges against reserve and currency	$	(38	)	$	(38	)	$	(130	)	$	(154	)
Effects of foreign currency and other non-cash items	(1		)	(3		)	—			(11		)
Restructuring cash payments	$	(39	)	$	(41	)	$	(130	)	$	(165	)

Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Interest Expense And Income

Interest expense and income were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Interest expense⁽¹⁾	$	61	$	62	$	184	$	188
Interest income⁽²⁾	70		75		216		229

____________


(1)	Includes Cost of financing as well as non-financing interest expense that is included in Other expenses, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.


(2)	Includes Finance income as well as other interest income that is included in Other expenses, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives

The following is a summary of our fair value hedges at September 30, 2018:



Debt Instrument	Year First Designated	Notional Amount		Net Fair Value			Weighted Average Interest Rate Paid		Interest Rate Received		Basis	Maturity
Senior Note 2021	2014	$	300	$	(6	)	3.03	%	4.5	%	Libor	2021

Summary of Derivative Instruments Fair Value

The following table provides a summary of the fair value amounts of our derivative instruments:



Designation of Derivatives	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts - forwards	Other current assets	$	1		$	1
	Other current liabilities	(8		)	(15		)
Foreign currency options	Other current assets	1			—
	Other current liabilities	—			—
Interest rate swaps	Other long-term assets	—			1
	Other long-term liabilities	(6		)	—
	Net designated derivative liability	$	(12	)	$	(13	)

Derivatives NOT Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts – forwards	Other current assets	$	1		$	1
	Other current liabilities	(8		)	(10		)
	Net undesignated derivative liability	$	(7	)	$	(9	)

Summary of Derivatives	Total Derivative Assets	$	3		$	3
	Total Derivative Liabilities	(22		)	(25		)
	Net Derivative liability	$	(19	)	$	(22	)

Summary of Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments

The following table provides a summary of gains (losses) on derivative instruments:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments	2018			2017			2018			2017
Fair Value Hedges - Interest Rate Contracts
Derivative (loss) gain recognized in interest expense	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	(7	)	$	—
Hedged item gain recognized in interest expense	1			1			7			—

Cash Flow Hedges - Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts and Options
Derivative loss recognized in OCI (effective portion)	$	(13	)	$	(9	)	$	(3	)	$	(22	)
Derivative loss reclassified from AOCL to income - Cost of sales (effective portion)	(1		)	(15		)	(13		)	(23		)

Summary of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Gains (Losses)

The following table provides a summary of gains (losses) on non-designated derivative instruments:



Derivatives NOT Designated as Hedging Instruments		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Derivatives NOT Designated as Hedging Instruments	Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)	2018			2017			2018		2017
Foreign exchange contracts – forwards	Other expense – Currency (loss) gain, net	$	(7	)	$	(20	)	$	11	$	(30	)

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Assets:
Foreign exchange contracts - forwards	$	2	$	2
Foreign currency options	1		—
Interest rate swaps	—		1
Deferred compensation investments in mutual funds	17		18
Total	$	20	$	21
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts - forwards	$	16	$	25
Foreign currency options	—		—
Interest rate swaps	6		—
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	18		19
Total	$	40	$	44

Estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The estimated fair values of our other financial assets and liabilities were as follows:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,157	$	1,157	$	1,293	$	1,293
Accounts receivable, net	1,290		1,290		1,357		1,357
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	410		409		282		283
Long-term debt	4,815		4,770		5,235		5,373

Tabular disclosure of financial instruments measured at fair value, including those classified in shareholders' equity measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, fair value measurements recorded and the reasons for the measurements, level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements are categorized and transfers between levels 1 and 2. Nonrecurring fair value measurements are those that are required or permitted in the statement of financial position in particular circumstances.

Components of net periodic benefit cost and other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

The components of Net periodic benefit cost and other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Retiree Health
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs:	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	1		$	—		$	6		$	5		$	2		$	2
Interest cost	35			31			37			43			5			7
Expected return on plan assets	(35		)	(35		)	(60		)	(57		)	—			—
Recognized net actuarial loss	5			5			14			20			—			—
Amortization of prior service credit	—			—			(1		)	(1		)	(1		)	(1		)
Recognized settlement loss	34			23			—			—			—			—
Defined benefit plans	40			24			(4		)	10			6			8
Defined contribution plans⁽¹⁾	9			9			8			8			n/a			n/a
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	49			33			4			18			6			8

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:
Net actuarial loss (gain)⁽²⁾	—			50			(53		)	—			—			—
Amortization of net actuarial loss	(39		)	(28		)	(14		)	(21		)	—			(1		)
Amortization of prior service credit	—			—			1			1			1			1
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income⁽³⁾	(39		)	22			(66		)	(20		)	1			—
Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Comprehensive Income	$	10		$	55		$	(62	)	$	(2	)	$	7		$	8



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Retiree Health
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs:	2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	2		$	2		$	19		$	20		$	4		$	4
Interest cost	102			97			114			120			18			21
Expected return on plan assets	(105		)	(96		)	(185		)	(164		)	—			—
Recognized net actuarial loss	17			16			44			58			—			—
Amortization of prior service credit	(1		)	(1		)	(3		)	(3		)	(3		)	(3		)
Recognized settlement loss	85			84			—			—			—			—
Defined benefit plans	100			102			(11		)	31			19			22
Defined contribution plans⁽¹⁾	28			29			22			22			n/a			n/a
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	128			131			11			53			19			22

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:
Net actuarial (gain) loss⁽²⁾	(46		)	70			(53		)	—			10			(11		)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	(102		)	(100		)	(44		)	(59		)	—			(1		)
Amortization of prior service credit	1			1			3			3			3			3
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income⁽³⁾	(147		)	(29		)	(94		)	(56		)	13			(9		)
Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Comprehensive Income	$	(19	)	$	102		$	(83	)	$	(3	)	$	32		$	13

__________

(1)Prior year amounts have been revised to reflect additional cost for previously excluded plans.

(2)


(3)	Amounts represent the pre-tax effect included within Other Comprehensive Income. Refer to Note 17 - Other Comprehensive Income for related tax effects and the after-tax amounts.

Defined Benefit and Retiree Health Pension Plans, actual and expected cash contributions

Contributions

The following table summarizes cash contributions to our defined benefit pension plans and retiree health benefit plans.



	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		Estimated 2018		2017
U.S. plans	$	20	$	668	$	26	$	675
Non-U.S. plans	91		49		116		161
Total Pension	$	111	$	717	$	142	$	836

Retiree Health	$	42	$	49	$	62	$	64

Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation Expense, Tax Effect

Stock-based compensation expense was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Stock-based compensation expense, pre-tax	$	15	$	14	$	44	$	39
Income tax benefit recognized in earnings	4		5		11		15

Schedule Of Share Based Payment Award Valuation Assumptions, Performance Shares, Market-Based Component Table [Table Text Block]

Market-Based Component



	Program to Date September 30, 2018
Term	3 years
Risk-free interest rate⁽¹⁾	2.39		%
Dividend yield⁽²⁾	3.24		%
Xerox’s historical volatility⁽³⁾	29.12		%
Weighted average fair value⁽⁴⁾	$	32.03

____________


(1)	The risk-free interest rate was based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield curve from the valuation date, with a maturity matched to the TSR performance period.


(2)	The dividend yield was calculated as the expected quarterly dividend divided by Xerox’s three-month average stock price as of the valuation date.


(3)	Xerox’s historical volatility is calculated from daily stock returns over a three-year look-back term from the valuation date.


(4)	The weighted average of fair values used to record compensation expense as determined by the Monte Carlo simulation.

TSR Payout as a Percentage, Comparison to Peer Group [Table Text Block]

Our TSR compared to the peer group TSR will determine the payout as follows:



Percentile	Payout as a Percent of Target⁽¹⁾
80^th and above	200	%
50^th	100	%
25^th	35	%
Below 25^th	0	%

____________


(1)	For performance between the levels described above, the degree of vesting is interpolated on a linear basis.

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

The weighted average assumptions used in the BS option-pricing model relative to SO awards were as follows:



	Program to Date September 30, 2018
Expected term⁽¹⁾	6.13 years
Expected volatility⁽²⁾	27.25		%
Expected dividend yield⁽³⁾	3.25		%
Risk-free interest rate⁽⁴⁾	2.63		%
Weighted average fair value⁽⁵⁾	$	5.71

____________


(1)	Since these SO grants are effectively part of a new program, the expected term was calculated using the "Simplified Method” under the SEC guidance based on the SOs vesting schedule and contractual term. We did not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis to estimate an expected term.


(2)	The expected volatility was calculated based on a combination of Xerox's term-matched historical volatility and implied volatility from traded options.


(3)	The dividend yield was calculated as the expected quarterly dividend divided by Xerox’s three-month average stock price as of the grant date.


(4)	The risk-free interest rate was based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield curve with a maturity matched to the expected term of the SOs.


(5)	The weighted average of fair values used to record compensation expense as determined by the BS option-pricing model.

Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Stockholders Equity

Shareholders’ Equity

(share data in thousands)



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings			AOCL⁽³⁾			Xerox Shareholders’ Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	255	$	3,920	$	—		$	4,974		$	(3,772	)	$	5,377		$	31		$	5,408
Comprehensive income, net	—		—		—			89			61			150			4			154
Cash dividends declared - common⁽¹⁾	—		—		—			(62		)	—			(62		)	—			(62		)
Cash dividends declared - preferred⁽²⁾	—		—		—			(4		)	—			(4		)	—			(4		)
Stock option and incentive plans, net	1		10		—			—			—			11			—			11
Payments to acquire treasury stock, including fees	—		—		(284		)	—			—			(284		)	—			(284		)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—			—			—			—			(1		)	(1		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	256	$	3,930	$	(284	)	$	4,997		$	(3,711	)	$	5,188		$	34		$	5,222



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Treasury Stock		Retained Earnings			AOCL⁽³⁾			Xerox Shareholders’ Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	254	$	3,875		$	—	$	5,004		$	(4,010	)	$	5,123		$	35		$	5,158
Comprehensive income, net	—		—			—		179			115			294			3			297
Cash dividends declared - common⁽¹⁾	—		—			—		(63		)	—			(63		)	—			(63		)
Cash dividends declared - preferred⁽²⁾	—		—			—		(4		)	—			(4		)	—			(4		)
Stock option and incentive plans, net	1		6			—		—			—			7			—			7
Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests	—		(1		)	—		—			—			(1		)	(4		)	(5		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	255	$	3,880		$	—	$	5,116		$	(3,895	)	$	5,356		$	34		$	5,390



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings			AOCL⁽³⁾			Xerox Shareholders’ Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	255	$	3,893	$	—		$	4,856		$	(3,748	)	$	5,256		$	37		$	5,293
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles⁽⁴⁾	—		—		—			120			—			120			—			120
Comprehensive income, net	—		—		—			224			37			261			9			270
Cash dividends declared - common⁽¹⁾	—		—		—			(192		)	—			(192		)	—			(192		)
Cash dividends declared - preferred⁽²⁾	—		—		—			(11		)	—			(11		)	—			(11		)
Stock option and incentive plans, net	1		37		—			—			—			38			—			38
Payments to acquire treasury stock, including fees	—		—		(284		)	—			—			(284		)	—			(284		)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—			—			—			—			(12		)	(12		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	256	$	3,930	$	(284	)	$	4,997		$	(3,711	)	$	5,188		$	34		$	5,222



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Treasury Stock		Retained Earnings			AOCL⁽³⁾			Xerox Shareholders’ Equity			Non- controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	254	$	3,858		$	—	$	4,934		$	(4,337	)	$	4,709		$	38		$	4,747
Comprehensive income, net	—		—			—		385			442			827			10			837
Cash dividends declared - common⁽¹⁾	—		—			—		(192		)	—			(192		)	—			(192		)
Cash dividends declared - preferred⁽²⁾	—		—			—		(11		)	—			(11		)	—			(11		)
Stock option and incentive plans, net	1		23			—		—			—			24			—			24
Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests	—		(1		)	—		—			—			(1		)	(14		)	(15		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	255	$	3,880		$	—	$	5,116		$	(3,895	)	$	5,356		$	34		$	5,390

_____________________________


(1)	Cash dividends declared on common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $0.25 per share and $0.75 per share, respectively.


(2)	Cash dividends declared on preferred stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $20.00 per share and $60.00 per share, respectively.


(3)	Refer to Note 17 - Other Comprehensive Income for components of AOCL.


(4)	Includes $117 related to the adoptions of the new Revenue Recognition Standard, see Note 2 for additional information, and $3 related to our share of Fuji Xerox's adoption of ASU 2016-01 - Financial Instruments - Classification and Measurement.

Summary of Treasury Stock Purchases

The following is a summary of the purchases of common stock:



	Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2018	—	$	—
Purchases⁽¹⁾	10,502	284
Cancellations	—	—
Balance at September 30, 2018	10,502	$	284



	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2017	—	$	—
Purchases⁽¹⁾	10,502	284
Cancellations	—	—
Balance at September 30, 2018	10,502	$	284

_____________________________


(1)	Includes associated fees.

Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income

Other Comprehensive Income is comprised of the following:



	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018						2017						2018						2017
	Pre-tax			Net of Tax			Pre-tax			Net of Tax			Pre-tax			Net of Tax			Pre-tax			Net of Tax
Translation Adjustments (Losses) Gains	$	(13	)	$	(13	)	$	152		$	154		$	(164	)	$	(159	)	$	490		$	491
Unrealized (Losses) Gains
Changes in fair value of cash flow hedges - losses	(13		)	(9		)	(9		)	(7		)	(3		)	(2		)	(22		)	(18		)
Changes in cash flow hedges reclassed to earnings⁽¹⁾	1			(1		)	15			11			13			9			23			15
Other gains (losses)	1			1			(2		)	(2		)	(2		)	(2		)	(1		)	(1		)
Net unrealized (losses) gains	(11		)	(9		)	4			2			8			5			—			(4		)

Defined Benefit Plans Gains (Losses)
Net actuarial/prior service gains (losses)	53			44			(50		)	(31		)	89			71			(59		)	(37		)
Prior service amortization⁽²⁾	(2		)	(1		)	(2		)	(2		)	(7		)	(5		)	(7		)	(5		)
Actuarial loss amortization/settlement⁽²⁾	53			40			50			35			146			110			160			109
Fuji Xerox changes in defined benefit plans, net⁽³⁾	6			6			6			6			(18		)	(18		)	27			27
Other (losses) gains⁽⁴⁾	(6		)	(6		)	(49		)	(49		)	33			33			(138		)	(138		)
Changes in defined benefit plans gains (losses)	104			83			(45		)	(41		)	243			191			(17		)	(44		)

Other Comprehensive Income	80			61			111			115			87			37			473			443
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			—			—			—			—			1			1
Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to Xerox	$	80		$	61		$	111		$	115		$	87		$	37		$	472		$	442

_____________________________


(1)	Reclassified to Cost of sales - refer to Note 12 - Financial Instruments for additional information regarding our cash flow hedges.


(2)	Reclassified to Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost - refer to Note 14 - Employee Benefit Plans for additional information.


(3)	Represents our share of Fuji Xerox's benefit plan changes.


(4)	Primarily represents currency impact on cumulative amount of benefit plan net actuarial losses and prior service credits in AOCL.

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

AOCL is comprised of the following:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Cumulative translation adjustments	$	(1,940	)	$	(1,781	)
Other unrealized losses, net	(7		)	(12		)
Benefit plans net actuarial losses and prior service credits⁽¹⁾	(1,764		)	(1,955		)
Total Accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to Xerox	$	(3,711	)	$	(3,748	)

_____________________________


(1)	Includes our share of Fuji Xerox.

Earnings per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Basic Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Xerox	$	89		$	176		$	224		$	388
Accrued dividends on preferred stock	(4		)	(4		)	(11		)	(11		)
Adjusted Net income from continuing operations available to common shareholders	85			172			213			377
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Xerox	—			3			—			(3		)
Adjusted Net income available to common shareholders	$	85		$	175		$	213		$	374

Weighted average common shares outstanding	251,290			254,510			253,360			254,259

Basic Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Continuing operations	$	0.34		$	0.68		$	0.84		$	1.49
Discontinued operations	—			0.01			—			(0.01		)
Basic Earnings per Share	$	0.34		$	0.69		$	0.84		$	1.48

Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Xerox	$	89		$	176		$	224		$	388
Accrued dividends on preferred stock	(4		)	—			(11		)	(11		)
Adjusted Net income from continuing operations available to common shareholders	85			176			213			377
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Xerox	—			3			—			(3		)
Adjusted Net income available to common shareholders	$	85		$	179		$	213		$	374

Weighted average common shares outstanding	251,290			254,510			253,360			254,259
Common shares issuable with respect to:
Stock options	—			—			—			—
Restricted stock and performance shares	2,763			2,133			2,875			2,170
Convertible preferred stock	—			6,742			—			—
Adjusted Weighted average common shares outstanding	254,053			263,385			256,235			256,429

Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share:
Continuing operations	$	0.34		$	0.67		$	0.83		$	1.47
Discontinued operations	—			0.01			—			(0.01		)
Diluted Earnings per Share	$	0.34		$	0.68		$	0.83		$	1.46

The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as they were either contingently issuable shares or shares that if included would have been anti-dilutive:
Stock options	1,052			—			1,052			—
Restricted stock and performance shares	3,529			3,890			3,417			3,852
Convertible preferred stock	6,742			—			6,742			6,742
Total Anti-Dilutive Securities	11,323			3,890			11,211			10,594

Dividends per Common Share	$	0.25		$	0.25		$	0.75		$	0.75

Basis of Presentation Basis of Presentation (Details) - Sep. 30, 2018 £ in Millions, $ in Millions	GBP (£)	USD ($)
United Kingdom, Pounds
Out-of-Period Adjustment, Gross \| £	£ 40
United States of America, Dollars
Out-of-Period Adjustment, Gross		$ 53
Out-of-Period Adjustment, Net		$ 43

Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Jan. 01, 2018

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Increase to retained earnings

^[1]

$ 2,352

$ 2,497

$ 7,297

$ 7,518

^[2]

$ 120

Economic life of leased product

5 years

Lessor, Operating Lease, Term of Contract

5 years

Contract liabilities

$ 108

$ 91

Contract liability amortization period

30 months

Incremental Direct Costs of Obtaining a Contract

$ 62

Capitalized contract costs amortization reported in decrease (increase) in other current and long-term assets

Deferred incremental direct costs net of accumulated amortization

$ 174

Deferred incremental direct costs, amortization period

4 years

Contract Fulfillment Costs and Inducements

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Capitalized contract costs, deferred

$ 10

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

943

$ 981

2,893

$ 2,927

ASU 2014-09

Transition asset

153

Increase to retained earnings

117

ASU 2014-09 | Sales

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

$ 8

$ 25

[1]	Geographic area data is based upon the location of the subsidiary reporting the revenue.
[2]	Includes $117 related to the adoptions of the new Revenue Recognition Standard, see Note 2 for additional information, and $3 related to our share of Fuji Xerox's adoption of ASU 2016-01 - Financial Instruments - Classification and Measurement.

Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard - Impacts of Adopting ASC Topic 606 (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Dec. 31, 2017

^[1]

$ 2,352

$ 2,497

$ 7,297

$ 7,518

Deferred tax assets

797

$ 1,026

Superseded Revenue Guidance(1)

964

682

Retained earnings

4,997

$ 4,856

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Deferred tax assets

^[2]

830

Adjustments | ASU 2014-09

^[2]

822

Retained earnings

^[2]

4,888

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Deferred tax assets

(33)

142

Retained earnings

109

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

943

981

2,893

2,927

Sales | ASU 2014-09

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

Service [Member]

Service [Member] | ASU 2014-09

1,344

1,443

4,200

4,368

Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]

$ 8

$ 11

$ 25

$ 31

[1]	Geographic area data is based upon the location of the subsidiary reporting the revenue.
[2]	Reflects balance of account under revenue recognition guidance superseded by ASC Topic 606.

Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

^[1]

$ 2,352

$ 2,497

$ 7,297

$ 7,518

Equipment

Supplies, paper and other sales

^[2]

511

520

1,571

1,569

432

461

1,322

1,358

Maintenance

^[3]

587

624

1,854

1,925

Service arrangements

^[4]

587

637

1,824

1,895

Rental and other

170

182

522

548

Financing

204

223

Sales | Direct Equipment Lease

943

981

2,893

2,927

Sales | Distributors & resellers

^[5]

175

165

507

488

Sales | Direct equipment lease / Customer direct

^[6]

304

331

1,005

1,024

464

485

1,381

1,415

Service [Member]

1,344

1,443

4,200

4,368

United States

^[1]

1,414

1,500

4,307

4,502

Europe

^[1]

587

628

1,923

1,942

Canada

^[1]

133

154

424

449

Other

^[1]

218

215

643

625

ASU 2014-09 | Sales

ASU 2014-09 | Service [Member]

$ 8

$ 11

$ 25

$ 31

[1]	Geographic area data is based upon the location of the subsidiary reporting the revenue.
[2]	For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, Equipment sale revenues exclude $11 and $31, respectively, of equipment-related training revenue, which was classified as Services under previous revenue guidance - see "Adoption Summary" above.
[3]	Includes revenues from maintenance agreements on sold equipment as well as revenues associated with service agreements sold in our small and mid-sized business (SMB) focused channels and through our channel partners as Xerox Partner Print Services (XPPS).
[4]	Primarily includes revenues from our Managed Document Services (MDS) offerings. Also includes revenues from embedded operating leases, which were not significant.
[5]	Primarily reflects direct sales through bundled lease arrangements.
[6]	Primarily reflects sales through our two-tier distribution channels.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Restricted Cash and Investments	$ 61	$ 75		$ 61
Research, development and engineering expenses	102		$ 105	303	$ 318
Selling, administrative and general expenses	583		630	1,835	1,890
Restructuring and related costs	29		35	91	192
Other expenses, net	57		52	126	234
Cost of sales
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cost of sales and services	570		593	1,755	1,777
Service [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cost of sales and services	807		870	2,529	2,623
ASU 2016-02 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due		450
ASU 2016-15 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Collections on Beneficial Interests Received in sales of Accounts Receivable and Finance Receivables			60		170
ASU 2016-18 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Restricted Cash and Investments	61	75		61
ASU 2017-07 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Research, development and engineering expenses			105		318
Selling, administrative and general expenses			630		1,890
Restructuring and related costs			35		192
Other expenses, net			52		234
ASU 2017-07 [Member] \| Cost of sales
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cost of sales and services			593		1,777
ASU 2017-07 [Member] \| Service [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cost of sales and services			870		2,623
ASU 2017-07 [Member] \| Previously Reported [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Research, development and engineering expenses			108		332
Selling, administrative and general expenses			648		1,955
Restructuring and related costs			36		196
Other expenses, net			17		105
ASU 2017-07 [Member] \| Previously Reported [Member] \| Cost of sales
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cost of sales and services			594		1,780
ASU 2017-07 [Member] \| Previously Reported [Member] \| Service [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cost of sales and services			882		2,666
ASU 2017-07 [Member] \| Adjustments for New Accounting Pronouncement [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Research, development and engineering expenses			(3)		(14)
Selling, administrative and general expenses			(18)		(65)
Restructuring and related costs			(1)		(4)
Other expenses, net			35		129
ASU 2017-07 [Member] \| Adjustments for New Accounting Pronouncement [Member] \| Cost of sales
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cost of sales and services			(1)		(3)
ASU 2017-07 [Member] \| Adjustments for New Accounting Pronouncement [Member] \| Service [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cost of sales and services			$ (12)		$ (43)
ASU 2018-05 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Tax Act estimated non-cash provisional charge	$ 95	$ 400		$ 495

Divestitures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Divestitures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	$ 0	$ 3	$ 0	$ (3)
Conduent [Domain]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Disposal Date			Dec. 31, 2016
Loss from operations		1		9
Loss on disposal		0		0
Net loss before income taxes		(1)		(9)
Income tax benefit		4		6
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax		$ 3		$ (3)

Amount before tax of income (loss) from a discontinued operation. Includes, but is not limited to, the income (loss) from operations during the phase-out period, gain (loss) on disposal, gain (loss) for reversal of write-down (write-down) to fair value, less cost to sell, and adjustments to a prior period gain (loss) on disposal.

Amount of tax expense (benefit) related to a discontinued operation. Includes, but is not limited to, tax expense (benefit) related to income (loss) from operations during the phase-out period, tax expense (benefit) related to gain (loss) on disposal, tax expense (benefit) related to gain (loss) for reversal of write-down (write-down) to fair value, less cost to sell, and tax expense (benefit) related to adjustments of a prior period gain (loss) on disposal.

Amount after tax of income (loss) from a discontinued operation attributable to the parent. Includes, but is not limited to, the income (loss) from operations during the phase-out period, gain (loss) on disposal, gain (loss) for reversal of write-down (write-down) to fair value, less cost to sell, and adjustments to a prior period gain (loss) on disposal.

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Line Items]

Supplementary Financial Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Jun. 30, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Jun. 30, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 1,157

$ 1,293

Tax and labor litigation deposits in Brazil

Other restricted cash

Total Restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

1,218

$ 1,919

1,218

$ 1,919

$ 1,327

1,368

$ 1,377

$ 2,402

Other current assets

Provision for receivables

$ 74

Provision for inventory

Provision for product warranty

Depreciation of buildings and equipment

118

103

Depreciation and obsolescence of equipment on operating leases

189

201

Amortization of internal use software

Amortization of product software

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

Amortization of customer contract costs(1)

^[1]

Cost of additions to land, buildings and equipment

Cost of additions to internal use software

Common stock dividends

193

210

Preferred stock dividends

Payments to noncontrolling interests

$ 1

$ 5

$ 14

$ 17

[1]	Amortization of customer contract costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is reported in (Increase) decrease in other current and long-term assets. Refer to Note 2 - Adoption of New Revenue Recognition Standard - Contract Costs for additional information.

Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]

Accounts receivable, net

$ 1,290

$ 1,357

Accounts Receivable Sales Arrangements [Abstract]

Uncollected accounts receivable sold and derecognized

161

Accounts Receivable [Member]

Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]

Invoiced

1,013

1,048

Accrued

334

368

Allowance for doubtful accounts

(57)

$ (59)

Accounts receivable sales(1)

^[1]

$ 520

297

$ 1,598

Deferred proceeds

164

Loss on sales of accounts receivable

Estimated decrease to operating cash flows(2)

^[2]

$ (34)

$ (77)

$ (61)

$ (83)

[1]

[2]

Represents the difference between current and prior period receivable sales adjusted for the effects of: (i) the deferred proceeds, (ii) collections prior to the end of the quarter and, (iii) currency. In third quarter 2018, the $34 decrease reflected lower sales consistent with the seasonality of our European operations.

Finance Receivables, Net (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Jun. 30, 2018

Mar. 31, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Jun. 30, 2017

Mar. 31, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]

$ 107

$ 108

$ 111

$ 110

(8)

(10)

(6)

(14)

(10)

^[1]

(2)

Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

107

108

116

108

111

^[2]

$ 3,601

$ 3,788

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]

107

108

111

110

107

116

United States

(2)

(4)

(5)

(2)

(10)

(6)

^[1]

Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

^[2]

1,950

1,992

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]

Canada

(2)

(1)

(2)

^[1]

Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

^[2]

352

391

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]

Europe

(4)

(3)

(4)

(3)

(2)

^[1]

(2)

Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

^[2]

1,242

1,339

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]

Other

^[3]

^[3]

^[3]

^[1],[3]

^[3]

Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

^[2],[3]

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

^[3]

$ 2

[1]	Includes the impacts of foreign currency translation and adjustments to reserves necessary to reflect events of non-payment such as customer accommodations and contract terminations.
[2]	Total Finance receivables exclude the allowance for credit losses of $107 and $116 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
[3]	Includes developing market countries and smaller units.

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventories, net [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 817	$ 777
Work-in-process	60	49
Raw materials	81	89
Total Inventories	$ 958	$ 915

Investment in Affiliates, at Equity (Details)
$ in Millions, ¥ in Billions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2018

USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2018

JPY (¥)

Sep. 30, 2017

USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2018

USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2017

USD ($)

Total Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates

$ 43

$ 30

$ (6)

$ 90

Fuji Xerox

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Total Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates

$ 41

$ (12)

Ownership percentage

25.00%

After-tax restructuring and other charges

$ 7

$ 90

Summary of Operations:

Revenues

2,326

2,508

7,017

7,392

Costs and expenses

2,077

2,383

6,946

6,926

Income before Income Taxes

249

125

466

Income tax expense

117

Net Income (Loss)

165

(24)

349

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net Income (Loss) – Fuji Xerox

$ 164

$ 83

$ (26)

$ 346

Weighted Average Exchange Rate

^[1]

111.43

108.07

110.90

109.50

111.92

Fuji Xerox | Parent Company - Fujifilm Holdings Corporation | Restatement Adjustment [Member]

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Out-of-Period Adjustment - Fuji Xerox

$ 110

¥ 12

Fuji Xerox | Non Parent Equity Investment Owner - Xerox Corporation | Restatement Adjustment [Member]

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Out-of-Period Adjustment - Fuji Xerox

$ 28

Other

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Total Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates

$ 2

$ 4

$ 6

$ 9

[1]	Represents Yen/U.S. Dollar exchange rate used to translate.

Restructuring Programs (Details)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2018

USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2018

USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2017

USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2018

USD ($)

Employees

Sep. 30, 2017

USD ($)

Restructuring and Related Cost, Expected Number of Positions Eliminated (approximately) | Employees

$ 41

$ 40

$ 36

1,850

(12)

(6)

(8)

$ (26)

109

(12)

(6)

(8)

(26)

^[1]

(38)

(40)

(52)

$ (38)

(130)

$ (154)

Reconciliation To Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows [Abstract]

Effects of foreign currency and other non-cash items

(38)

(40)

(52)

(38)

(130)

(154)

(1)

(3)

(11)

Restructuring Cash Payments

(39)

$ (41)

(130)

$ (165)

Severance and Related Costs [Member]

104

(12)

(6)

(8)

108

104

(12)

(6)

(8)

^[1]

(37)

(39)

(41)

Reconciliation To Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows [Abstract]

Lease Cancellation and Other Costs [Member]

(37)

(39)

(41)

^[1]

(1)

(11)

Reconciliation To Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows [Abstract]

Asset Impairments [Member]

(1)

(11)

^[2]

^[2]

^[2]

^[2]

^[2]

^[1],[2]

^[2]

Reconciliation To Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows [Abstract]

^[2]

$ 0

^[2]

$ 0

[1]	Represents net amount recognized within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the period shown for restructuring and asset impairment charges.
[2]	Charges associated with asset impairments represent the write-down of the related assets to their new cost basis and are recorded concurrently with the recognition of the provision.

Debt - Interest Income and Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Interest expense

^[1]

$ 61

$ 62

$ 184

$ 188

Interest income

^[2]

$ 70

$ 75

$ 216

$ 229

[1]	Includes Cost of financing as well as non-financing interest expense that is included in Other expenses, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
[2]	Includes Finance income as well as other interest income that is included in Other expenses, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Financial Instruments - Fair Value Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, Notional Amount	$ 1,200	$ 1,788
Average Maturity of Foreign Exchange Hedging Contracts - within Three Months	78.00%
Average Maturity of Foreign Exchange Hedging Contracts - within Three and Six Months	11.00%
Average Maturity of Foreign Exchange Hedging Contracts - within Six and Twelve Months	11.00%
Senior Notes Due 2021 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 300
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset (Liability)	$ (6)
Weighted Average Interest Rate Paid	3.03%
Interest Rate Received	4.50%
U.S. Dollar/Euro
Derivative [Line Items]
Change in Notional Value	$ (288)
Euro/U.K. Pound Sterling
Derivative [Line Items]
Change in Notional Value	$ (128)

Financial Instruments - Summary of Derivative Instruments Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Net Derivative Asset (Liability)	$ (19)	$ (22)
Assets [Member]
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Assets	3	3
Liabilities [Member]
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Liabilities	(22)	(25)
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member]
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Net Derivative Asset (Liability)	(6)	(14)
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member] \| Liabilities [Member]
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Net Derivative Asset (Liability)	(12)	(13)
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member] \| Foreign exchange contracts - forwards [Member] \| Other current assets
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Assets	1	1
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member] \| Foreign exchange contracts - forwards [Member] \| Other current liabilities
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Liabilities	(8)	(15)
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member] \| Foreign currency options [Member] \| Other current assets
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Assets	1	0
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member] \| Foreign currency options [Member] \| Other current liabilities
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Liabilities	0	0
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member] \| Interest Rate Swap [Member] \| Other long-term assets
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Assets	0	1
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member] \| Interest Rate Swap [Member] \| Other long-term liabilities
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Liabilities	(6)	0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] \| Foreign exchange contracts - forwards [Member]
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Net Derivative Asset (Liability)	(7)	(9)
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] \| Foreign exchange contracts - forwards [Member] \| Other current assets
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Assets	1	1
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] \| Foreign exchange contracts - forwards [Member] \| Other current liabilities
Summary Of Derivative Instruments By Hedge Designation [Abstract]
Total Derivative Liabilities	$ (8)	$ (10)

Financial Instruments - Summary of Derivative Instruments Gain (Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Summary of Derivative Instruments Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Derivative loss recognized in OCI (effective portion)	$ (13)	$ (9)	$ (3)	$ (22)
Net loss recorded in AOCL expected to be reclassified to net income in the future			7
Foreign Currency Transaction Losses, before Tax	(3)	0	(2)	(4)
Cash Flow Hedging [Member] \| Foreign Exchange Forward [Member]
Summary of Derivative Instruments Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Derivative loss recognized in OCI (effective portion)	(13)	(9)	(3)	(22)
Interest Expense [Member] \| Fair Value Hedging [Member] \| Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Summary of Derivative Instruments Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Derivative (loss) gain recognized in interest expense	(1)	(1)	(7)	0
Hedged item gain recognized in interest expense	1	1	7	0
Cost of Sales [Member] \| Cash Flow Hedging [Member] \| Foreign Exchange Forward [Member]
Summary of Derivative Instruments Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Derivative loss reclassified from AOCL to income - Cost of sales (effective portion)	(1)	(15)	(13)	(23)
Derivative loss reclassified from AOCL to income - Cost of Sales (ineffective)	0	0	0	0
Derivative, Underlying Amount	0	0	0	0
Foreign Currency Gain (Loss) [Member] \| Foreign Exchange Forward [Member] \| Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments [Member]
Summary of Derivative Instruments Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Gain (Loss), Net	$ (7)	$ (20)	$ 11	$ (30)

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities - Recurring (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Assets:
Deferred compensation investments in mutual funds	$ 17	$ 18
Total	20	21
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	18	19
Total	40	44
Foreign Exchange Forward [Member]
Assets:
Foreign currency contracts - assets	2	2
Liabilities:
Foreign currency contracts - liabilities	16	25
Foreign currency options [Member]
Assets:
Foreign currency contracts - assets	1	0
Liabilities:
Foreign currency contracts - liabilities	0	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Assets:
Interest rate swaps	0	1
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$ 6	$ 0

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities - Nonrecurring (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Carrying Amount [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,157	$ 1,293
Accounts receivable, net	1,290	1,357
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	410	282
Long-term debt	4,815	5,235
Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	1,157	1,293
Accounts receivable, net	1,290	1,357
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	409	283
Long-term debt	$ 4,770	$ 5,373

Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($)

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Oct. 01, 2018

Dec. 31, 2018

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Dec. 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2017

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:

$ 36,000,000

$ 34,000,000

$ 89,000,000

$ 133,000,000

53,000,000

(50,000,000)

89,000,000

(59,000,000)

^[1]

53,000,000

50,000,000

146,000,000

160,000,000

^[1]

(2,000,000)

(7,000,000)

Pension Plan [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer

111,000,000

717,000,000

$ 836,000,000

Pension Plan [Member] | Forecast

Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Current Fiscal Year

$ 142,000,000

Pension Plan [Member] | Foreign Plan [Member]

Expected return on plan assets

Service cost

6,000,000

5,000,000

19,000,000

20,000,000

Interest cost

37,000,000

43,000,000

114,000,000

120,000,000

(60,000,000)

(57,000,000)

(185,000,000)

(164,000,000)

Recognized net actuarial loss

14,000,000

20,000,000

44,000,000

58,000,000

Recognized settlement loss

(1,000,000)

(3,000,000)

Defined contribution plans

(4,000,000)

10,000,000

(11,000,000)

31,000,000

8,000,000

^[2]

22,000,000

^[2]

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

4,000,000

18,000,000

11,000,000

53,000,000

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:

^[3]

(53,000,000)

(14,000,000)

(21,000,000)

(44,000,000)

(59,000,000)

Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income(3)

1,000,000

3,000,000

^[4]

(66,000,000)

(20,000,000)

(94,000,000)

(56,000,000)

Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Comprehensive Income

(62,000,000)

(2,000,000)

(83,000,000)

(3,000,000)

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer

91,000,000

49,000,000

161,000,000

Pension Plan [Member] | Foreign Plan [Member] | Forecast

Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Current Fiscal Year

116,000,000

Pension Plan [Member] | United States

Expected return on plan assets

Service cost

1,000,000

2,000,000

Interest cost

35,000,000

31,000,000

102,000,000

97,000,000

(35,000,000)

(105,000,000)

(96,000,000)

Recognized net actuarial loss

5,000,000

17,000,000

16,000,000

Recognized settlement loss

(1,000,000)

34,000,000

23,000,000

85,000,000

84,000,000

Defined contribution plans

40,000,000

24,000,000

100,000,000

102,000,000

9,000,000

^[2]

28,000,000

29,000,000

^[2]

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

49,000,000

33,000,000

128,000,000

131,000,000

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:

^[3]

50,000,000

(46,000,000)

70,000,000

(39,000,000)

(28,000,000)

(102,000,000)

(100,000,000)

Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income(3)

1,000,000

^[4]

(39,000,000)

22,000,000

(147,000,000)

(29,000,000)

Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Comprehensive Income

10,000,000

55,000,000

(19,000,000)

102,000,000

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer

20,000,000

668,000,000

675,000,000

Pension Plan [Member] | United States | Forecast

Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Current Fiscal Year

26,000,000

Pension Plan [Member] | United States | Minimum Funding Requirement [Member] | Qualified Plan [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer

Pension Plan [Member] | United States | Voluntary Contributions [Member] | Qualified Plan [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer

50,000,000

Retiree Health [Member]

Expected return on plan assets

Service cost

2,000,000

4,000,000

Interest cost

5,000,000

7,000,000

18,000,000

21,000,000

Recognized net actuarial loss

Recognized settlement loss

(1,000,000)

(3,000,000)

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

6,000,000

8,000,000

19,000,000

22,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

19,000,000

22,000,000

Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income:

^[3]

10,000,000

(11,000,000)

(1,000,000)

Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income(3)

1,000,000

3,000,000

^[4]

1,000,000

13,000,000

(9,000,000)

Total Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Comprehensive Income

$ 7,000,000

$ 8,000,000

32,000,000

13,000,000

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer

$ 42,000,000

$ 49,000,000

$ 64,000,000

Retiree Health [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]

Plan Amendment, Retiree Health Plan

Defined Benefit Plan, Accumulated Benefit Obligation, Increase (Decrease) for Plan Amendment

$ 280,000,000

Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Increase (Decrease) for Plan Amendment

215,000,000

Defined Benefit Plan, Actuarial Gain, Increase (Decrease) for Plan Amendment

$ 65,000,000

Retiree Health [Member] | Forecast

Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Current Fiscal Year

62,000,000

Plan Amendment, Retiree Health Plan

Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Reduction to Pension Cost, Next Fiscal Year

$ 70,000,000

Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Reduction to Pension Cost, Current Fiscal Year

$ 15,000,000

Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Next Fiscal Year

$ 20,000,000

[1]	Reclassified to Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost - refer to Note 14 - Employee Benefit Plans for additional information.
[2]	Prior year amounts have been revised to reflect additional cost for previously excluded plans.
[3]	The net actuarial (gain) loss for U.S. Plans primarily reflects (i) the re-measurement of our primary U.S. pension plans as a result of the payment of periodic settlements and (ii) adjustments for the actuarial valuation results based on January 1st plan census data. The non-U.S. plans net actuarial (gain) loss for 2018 reflects an out-of-period adjustment of $(53) to correct an overstated benefit obligation for our U.K. Funded Pension Plan at December 31, 2017. Refer to Note 1 - Basis of Presentation for additional information regarding this adjustment.
[4]	Amounts represent the pre-tax effect included within Other Comprehensive Income. Refer to Note 17 - Other Comprehensive Income for related tax effects and the after-tax amounts.

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation expense, pre-tax

$ 15

$ 14

$ 44

$ 39

Income tax benefit recognized in earnings

$ 4

$ 5

$ 11

$ 15

Performance share grant basis - performance

0.6666666667

Performance share grant basis - TSR

0.3333333333

Minimum [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Performance shares entitlement of original award grant

0.00%

Maximum [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Performance shares entitlement of original award grant

200.00%

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period

3 years

1,130,000

Fair Value

$ 27.61

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Graded vesting after year one of service period [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

25.00%

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Graded vesting after year two of service period [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

25.00%

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Graded vesting after year three of service period [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

50.00%

Performance Shares [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Performance Shares [Member] | Performance-Based [Member]

3 years

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period

693,000

Fair Value

$ 27.88

Performance share maximum overachievement

100.00%

Performance Shares [Member] | TSR [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period

3 years

346,000

Fair Value

^[1]

$ 32.03

Risk Free Interest Rate

^[2]

2.39%

Dividend Yield

^[3]

3.24%

Volatility rate

^[4]

29.12%

TSR historical volatility look back

3 years

Performance Shares [Member] | TSR [Member] | 80th and above

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Performance Shares [Member] | TSR [Member] | 50th

^[5]

200.00%

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Performance Shares [Member] | TSR [Member] | 25th

^[5]

100.00%

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Performance Shares [Member] | TSR [Member] | Below 25th

^[5]

35.00%

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

^[5]

0.00%

Equity Option [Member]

Expected Term, Stock Options

3 years

Risk Free Interest Rate

^[6]

2.63%

Dividend Yield

^[7]

3.25%

Volatility rate

^[8]

27.25%

^[9]

6 years 1 month 17 days

Weighted Average Fair Value, Stock Options

^[10]

$ 5.71

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross

1,379,000

Equity Option [Member] | Graded vesting after year one of service period [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

25.00%

Equity Option [Member] | Graded vesting after year two of service period [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

25.00%

Equity Option [Member] | Graded vesting after year three of service period [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

50.00%

[1]	The weighted average of fair values used to record compensation expense as determined by the Monte Carlo simulation.
[2]	The risk-free interest rate was based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield curve from the valuation date, with a maturity matched to the TSR performance period.
[3]	The dividend yield was calculated as the expected quarterly dividend divided by Xerox’s three-month average stock price as of the valuation date.
[4]	Xerox’s historical volatility is calculated from daily stock returns over a three-year look-back term from the valuation date.
[5]	For performance between the levels described above, the degree of vesting is interpolated on a linear basis.
[6]	The risk-free interest rate was based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield curve with a maturity matched to the expected term of the SOs.
[7]	The dividend yield was calculated as the expected quarterly dividend divided by Xerox’s three-month average stock price as of the grant date.
[8]	The expected volatility was calculated based on a combination of Xerox's term-matched historical volatility and implied volatility from traded options.
[9]	Since these SO grants are effectively part of a new program, the expected term was calculated using the "Simplified Method” under the SEC guidance based on the SOs vesting schedule and contractual term. We did not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis to estimate an expected term.
[10]	The weighted average of fair values used to record compensation expense as determined by the BS option-pricing model.

Shareholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Jun. 30, 2018

Mar. 31, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Sep. 30, 2018

Sep. 30, 2017

Jul. 31, 2018

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Noncontrolling Interests, Beginning Balance

$ 5,256,000,000

37,000,000

Total Equity, Beginning Balance

$ 5,408,000,000

$ 5,293,000,000

$ 5,158,000,000

5,293,000,000

$ 4,747,000,000

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

^[1]

120,000,000

Comprehensive income, net attributable to noncontrolling interests

150,000,000

294,000,000

261,000,000

827,000,000

4,000,000

3,000,000

9,000,000

10,000,000

Comprehensive Income, Net

154,000,000

297,000,000

270,000,000

837,000,000

^[2]

(62,000,000)

(63,000,000)

(192,000,000)

Payments to acquire treasury stock, value, including fees

11,000,000

7,000,000

38,000,000

24,000,000

^[3]

(284,000,000)

Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests

(1,000,000)

(5,000,000)

(12,000,000)

(15,000,000)

Noncontrolling Interests, Ending Balance

5,188,000,000

34,000,000

Total Equity, Ending Balance

$ 5,222,000,000

$ 5,408,000,000

$ 5,390,000,000

$ 5,222,000,000

$ 5,390,000,000

Treasury Stock, Shares, Beginning Balance

Treasury Stock, Shares, Acquired

10,502

Treasury Stock, Shares, Retired

Treasury Stock, Shares, Ending Balance

10,502

Treasury stock, at cost, beginning balance

$ 0

Treasury Stock, Value, Retired, Cost Method

^[3]

284,000,000

Treasury stock, at cost., ending balance

$ 284,000,000

$ 0

$ 284,000,000

Dividends per common share (in dollars per share)

$ 0.25

$ 0.75

Stock Repurchase Program, Authorized Amount

$ 1,000,000,000

Remaining share authority written off

$ 245,000,000

ASU 2014-09

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

$ 117,000,000

Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 [Member]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

3,000,000

Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Dividends per preferred share (in dollars per share)

^[4]

$ (4,000,000)

$ (11,000,000)

$ 20.00

$ 60.00

Xerox Shareholders’ Equity

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

$ 5,377,000,000

5,256,000,000

$ 5,123,000,000

$ 5,256,000,000

$ 4,709,000,000

^[1]

120,000,000

150,000,000

294,000,000

261,000,000

827,000,000

^[2]

(62,000,000)

(63,000,000)

(192,000,000)

Payments to acquire treasury stock, value, including fees

11,000,000

7,000,000

38,000,000

24,000,000

(284,000,000)

Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests

(1,000,000)

5,188,000,000

5,377,000,000

5,356,000,000

5,188,000,000

5,356,000,000

Xerox Shareholders’ Equity | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

284,000,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

^[4]

(4,000,000)

(11,000,000)

Common Stock

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

255,000,000

254,000,000

255,000,000

254,000,000

^[1]

^[2]

Payments to acquire treasury stock, value, including fees

1,000,000

Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests

256,000,000

255,000,000

256,000,000

255,000,000

Common Stock | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Additional Paid-in Capital

^[4]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

3,920,000,000

3,893,000,000

3,875,000,000

3,893,000,000

3,858,000,000

^[1]

^[2]

Payments to acquire treasury stock, value, including fees

10,000,000

6,000,000

37,000,000

23,000,000

Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests

(1,000,000)

3,930,000,000

3,920,000,000

3,880,000,000

3,930,000,000

3,880,000,000

Additional Paid-in Capital | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

^[4]

Treasury Stock

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

^[1]

^[2]

Payments to acquire treasury stock, value, including fees

(284,000,000)

Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests

(284,000,000)

Treasury Stock | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

284,000,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

^[4]

Retained Earnings

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

4,974,000,000

4,856,000,000

5,004,000,000

4,856,000,000

4,934,000,000

^[1]

120,000,000

89,000,000

179,000,000

224,000,000

385,000,000

^[2]

(62,000,000)

(63,000,000)

(192,000,000)

Payments to acquire treasury stock, value, including fees

Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests

4,997,000,000

4,974,000,000

5,116,000,000

4,997,000,000

5,116,000,000

Retained Earnings | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

^[4]

(4,000,000)

(11,000,000)

AOCL

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

^[5]

(3,772,000,000)

(3,748,000,000)

(4,010,000,000)

(3,748,000,000)

(4,337,000,000)

^[1],[5]

^[5]

61,000,000

115,000,000

37,000,000

442,000,000

^[2],[5]

Payments to acquire treasury stock, value, including fees

^[5]

^[5]

Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests

^[5]

^[5]

(3,711,000,000)

(3,772,000,000)

(3,895,000,000)

(3,711,000,000)

(3,895,000,000)

AOCL | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

^[5]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Non-controlling Interests

^[4],[5]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Noncontrolling Interests, Beginning Balance

31,000,000

$ 37,000,000

35,000,000

37,000,000

38,000,000

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(4)

^[1]

Comprehensive income, net attributable to noncontrolling interests

4,000,000

3,000,000

9,000,000

10,000,000

^[2]

Payments to acquire treasury stock, value, including fees

Distributions and purchase - noncontrolling interests

(1,000,000)

(4,000,000)

(12,000,000)

(14,000,000)

Noncontrolling Interests, Ending Balance

34,000,000

$ 31,000,000

34,000,000

Non-controlling Interests | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]